Ecology of the bromeligenous frog <i>Phyllodytes luteolus</i> (Anura, Hylidae) from three restinga remnants across Brazil's coast

Motta-Tavares, Tatiana; Maia-Carneiro, Thiago; Dantas, Leonardo F.; Sluys, Monique Van; Hatano, Fábio H.; Vrcibradic, Davor; Rocha, Carlos F.D.

doi:10.1590/0001-3765201620140380

Brasil

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Biological Sciences • An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc. 88 (1) • Mar 2016 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620140380 linkcopy

Ecology of the bromeligenous frog Phyllodytes luteolus (Anura, Hylidae) from three restinga remnants across Brazil's coast

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In this study, we analyzed diet, sexual dimorphism and bromeliad use in three populations of the hylid frog Phyllodytes luteolus from restinga habitats along the Brazilian coast. We found 13 arthropods categories in 161 stomachs. Ants and termites were the dominant prey items. The similar trophic niche across populations suggests this species has a conservative diet. We found sexual dimorphism regarding body size and jaw width. We recordedP. luteolus in five bromeliad species, but predominantly inAechmeablanchetiana (35.6% of individuals recorded). We recorded solitary individuals in 44% of occupied bromeliads, and never found two males sharing the same bromeliad. The data is suggestive that populations ofP. luteolus has a conservative diet independent of area, with ants and termites the being most relevant prey items. The sexual dimorphism in jaw and the solitary males may suggest that this species have territorial behavior.

Atlantic forest; bromeliad; diet; sexual dimorphism; territorial behavior

	Setiba	Guriri	Prado
Prey category	N (%)	F (%)	V (%)	Ix	N (%)	F (%)	V (%)	Ix	N (%)	F (%)	V (%)	Ix

Arachnida
Acari	-	-	-	-	3 (1.9)	3 (7.0)	0.2 (< 0.1)	3.0	11 (1.6)	5 (8.3)	3.7 (0.1)	3.4
Araneae	3 (0.5)	3 (5.2)	53.6 (2.6)	2.8	-	-	-	-	2 (0.3)	2 (3.3)	35.7 (1.2)	1.2 (1.6)
Chilopoda	1 (0.2)	1 (1.7)	< 0.1 (< 0.1)	0.6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Hexapoda
Blattaria	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (0.1)	1 (1.7)	19.6 (0.6)	0.8
Coleoptera
Adult	24 (4.4)	16 (27.6)	191.7 (9.3)	13.8	6 (3.8)	4 (9.3)	23.3 (2.9)	5.3	22 (3.3)	17 (28.3)	334.2 (11.0)	14.2
Larvae	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (0.1)	1 (1.7)	6.7 (0.2)	0.7
Diptera
Adult	9 (1.6)	5 (8.6)	20.7 (1.0)	3.8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Pupa	2 (0.4)	1 (1.7)	0.1 (< 0.1)	0.7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
Hemiptera	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (0.1)	1 (1.7)	0.9 (< 0.1)	0.6
Hymenoptera
Formicidae	207 (37.8)	36 (62.1)	395.4 (19.3)	39.7	75 (47.5)	15 (34.9)	133.0 (16.4)	32.9	327 (48.4)	52 (86.7)	1175.4 (38.7)	57.9
Others	3 (0.5)	2 (3.4)	54.0 (2.6)	2.2	-		-	-	-	-	-	-
Isoptera	294 (53.7)	24 (41.4)	1132.9 (55.2)	50.1	74 (46.8)	14 (32.6)	429.3 (53.0)	44.1	309 (45.7)	28 (46.7)	1305.9 (43.0)	45.1
Lepidoptera larvae	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1 (0.1)	1 (1.7)	18.7 (0.6)	0.8
Insecta egg	4 (0.7)	1 (1.7)	0.1 (< 0.1)	0.8	-	-	-	-	1 (0.1)	1 (1.7)	0.8 (< 0.1)	0.6
Plant material		10 (17.2)	203.3 (9.9)			6 (14.0)	136.1 (16.8)			7 (11.7)	63.8 (2.1)
Mineral		10 (17.2)	432.2 (21.1)			8 (18.6)	224.3 (27.7)			10 (16.7)	134.6 (4.4)
U.A.R.			4061.6				217.8				1956.3
Empty		5 (8.6)				14 (32.6)				2 (3.3)
Total	547 (100)	58 (100)	2052.0 (100)		158 (100)	43 (100)	810.1 (100)		676 (100)	60 (100)	3036.1 (100)

	Number of prey	Prey volume
	Mean ± SD	Range	Mean ± SD	Range
Males (N=57)	9.8 ± 8.8	1 - 41	5.4 ± 7.1	0.1 - 30.7
Females (N=49)	14.0 ± 15.8	1 - 71	5.9 ± 6.6	0.03 - 30.5
Juveniles (N=15)	6.8 ± 5.1	1 - 16	1.8 ± 2.3	0.04 - 6.8
Total (N=121)	11.1 ± 12.0	1 - 71	5.2 ± 6.6	0.03 - 30.7

Size metric	Setiba	Guriri	Prado	Total
Size metric	N	Range	Mean ± SD	N	Range	Mean ± SD	N	Range	Mean ± SD	N	Range	Mean ± SD

SVL
Males	21	18.9 - 25.6	24.2 ± 1.5	20	13.5 - 26.8	23.6 ± 5.4	31	14.0 - 25.8	21.5 ± 3.0	78	13.5 - 26.8	23.1 ± 2.9
Females	27	20.8 - 26.4	24.1 ± 1.5	10	22.8 - 27.2	25.9 ± 1.4	26	20.2 - 27.9	24.9 ± 1.8	57	18.9 - 27.9	24.8 ± 1.7
Juveniles	8	11.4 - 14.8	12.6 ± 1.1	11	9.8 - 25.0	14.5 ± 4.0	5	13.8 - 16.5	15.8 ± 1.1	24	9.8 - 25.0	14.1 ± 3.0
Total	56	11.4 - 26.4	22.5 ± 4.3	42	9.8 - 27.2	22.0 ± 5.5	64	13.8 - 27.9	22.6 ± 3.5	162	9.8 - 27.9	22.4 ± 4.3

JW
Males	21	7.5 - 9.8	9.1 ± 0.6	20	2.5 - 10.5	9.0 ± 1.7	31	5.5 - 10.3	8.1 ± 1.3	78	5.5 - 25.0	9.1 ± 2.1
Females	27	8.4 - 10.8	9.6 ± 0.6	10	8.0 - 10.0	9.2 ± 0.6	26	8.0 - 10.0	9.2 ± 0.6	57	7.5 - 10.0	9.1 ± 0.6
Juveniles	8	4.0 - 5.4	4.6 ± 0.5	11	2.5 - 9.4	5.0 ± 1.8	5	5.3 - 6.1	5.8 ± 0.3	24	2.5 - 9.4	5.0 ± 1.3
Total	56	4.0 - 10.8	8.7 ± 1.8	42	2.5 - 10.5	7.9 ± 2.4	64	5.3 - 10.3	8.4 ± 1.3	162	2.5 - 25.0	8.5 ± 2.2

Bromeliad species	Locality
Bromeliad species	Setiba (%)	Guriri (%)	Prado (%)	Total (%)

Aechmeablanchetiana (Baker) L.B.Sm.	0	31 (88.6)	17 (38.6)	48 (35.6)
Aechmealingulata (L.) Baker	20 (35.7)	0	0	20 (14.8)
Neoregelia cruenta (R.Graham) L.B.Sm	0	4 (11.4)	5 (11.4)	9 (6.7)
Vriesea neoglutinosa Mez	21 (37.5)	0	0	21 (15.5)
Vriesea procera (Mart. Ex Schult. F.) Whittm.	15 (26.8)	0	22 (50.0)	37 (27.4)
Total	56 (100)	35 (100)	44 (100)	135 (100)

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	Prey items	Prey volume
Setiba x Guriri	0.98	0.99
Guriri x Prado	0.99	0.90
Prado x Setiba	0.98	0.99