Figure 1
Types of Access.
Figure 2
Diagram of Citation Analyses in this paper.
Figure 3
Brazilian authors publish more OA articles than authors around the world, especially in journals of Global South. Publishing sources, between 2013 and 2022, were accessed from Incites®, based on Web of Science from Clarivate Analytics. a-b) Open and closed access publishing in the Global North and South published by Brazilian (a) or worldwide (b) authors. c-d) Percentage of open access journals published by Brazilian (c) or worldwide (d) authors in the Global South or North. e-f) Average of Journal Impact Factor (JIF) of open or closed access articles published by Brazilian (e) or worldwide (f) authors in Global North and South journals (dotted line represents what is expected from a suitable JIF). g-h) Percentage of documents cited (%DocCited) published by Brazilian (g) or worldwide (h) authors in open or closed journals from Global North and South. i-j) Average of Category Normalised Citation Index (CNCI) of open or closed access articles published by Brazilian (i) or worldwide (j) authors in journals from Global North and South (dotted line represents what is expected from a suitable CNCI). N= 7909 journals, when 281 from Brazilian and 7628 from worldwide authors. = open; = closed; South J = Global South Journals; North J = Global North Journals.
Figure 4
Open Access has no impact on scientific quality metrics of Brazilian authors’ publications. a-b) Path analysis to evaluate the relationships between Open Access articles and scientific quality metrics of articles published by Brazilian (a) and Worldwide (b) authors. c-d) Decision tree to evaluate the choices that result in more chance to attain publication with CNCI >1 for Brazilian (c) and worldwide (d) authors publications. %DocCited = percentage of documents cited; CNCI = Category Normalized Citation Impact (CNCI), 5-year JIF = 5-year Journal Impact Factor; Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 = quartiles that categorize journals by impact factor, with Q1 as the highest and Q4 as the lowest; Low % of Int. authors = percentage of international authors in the articles lower than 37%; High % of Int. authors = percentage of international authors in the articles equal or higher than 37%; Closed Access Journals = Journals with less than 28% of open access papers; Open Access Journals = Journals with more than 28% of open access papers. N = 281 journals with Brazilian authors publications; N = 7628 journals with worldwide authors publications. ***P<0.001.
Figure 5
Influence of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on Scholarly Impact by Publication Origin and Access. This figure presents the variation in impact across Sustainable Development Goals (1-16) based on the publication’s origin (Brazil or World) and access type (open or closed). (a) shows the percentage of publications where the corresponding author is from Brazil or the World. (b) represents the proportion of international collaborations. (c) details the percentage of industry-linked publications. (d) illustrates the Journal Normalised Citation Index (JNCI), indicating citation impact. The SDGs are numbered 1 to 16, corresponding to their official United Nations enumeration.
Figure 6
Impact Variation on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by Publication Origin (Brazil or World) and Access Type (Open or Closed). (a) displays the percentage of documents within the Top 10% of citations, indicating highly cited research. (b) illustrates the percentage of documents that have been cited, reflecting overall research visibility. (c) shows the percentage of papers published in top quartile (Q1) journals, signifying publication in high-quality venues. (d) presents the Category Normalised Citation Index (CNCI), which measures citation impact relative to the subject field. The SDGs are numbered 1 to 16, corresponding to their official United Nations enumeration.
Figure 7
Trends in Open Access Publishing Related to Brazil. (a) Depicts the annual number of research papers published by Brazilians about open access and related subjects from 2004 to 2023, showing fluctuations in research output over time. (b) Illustrates the distribution of open access publications by country, with a concentration on Brazil, and shades indicating the volume of research, ranging from light to dark as the quantity increases.
Figure 8
Collaborative Clusters and Temporal Trends in Open Access Publishing in Brazil. Panel (a) maps the main clusters of Brazilian authors collaborating on open access publications. Panel (b) displays the average year of publication for these clusters, with the color gradient ranging from earlier (cool tones) to more recent (warm tones) years of publication.
Figure 10
Conceptual Mapping and Temporal Analysis of Keywords in Brazilian Publications about Open Access. (a) illustrates thematic clusters of keywords associated with Open Access research in Brazil. (b) shows the average publication date of articles associated with each keyword, with colors transitioning from blue for older to yellow for more recent articles.
Figure 11
Key Citation Networks and Temporal Citation Patterns in Brazilian Publications about Open Access. Panel (a) shows the network of most-cited papers by Brazilian authors in the field of Open Access, with clusters indicating citation relationships. Panel (b) visualizes the average year of publication for cited works, with the color spectrum indicating older (blue) to more recent (yellow) publications.
Figure 12
Key Journals in the Brazilian Publications about Open Access. This map highlights the leading journals where Brazilian authors publish on the topic of open access. The node sizes reflecting the frequency of publication and connecting lines indicating inter-journal citations.
Figure 9
Visualization of Global Collaborative Networks in Brazilian Publications about Open Access. Panel (a) illustrates the interconnections between Brazil and other countries based on author collaborations. Panel (b) shows the mean publication year of articles within these networks, with the color gradient indicating more recent (yellow) to earlier (blue) collaborations.
Figure 7
Trends in Open Access Publishing Related to Brazil. (a) Depicts the annual number of research papers published by Brazilians about open access and related subjects from 2004 to 2023, showing fluctuations in research output over time. (b) Illustrates the distribution of open access publications by country, with a concentration on Brazil, and shades indicating the volume of research, ranging from light to dark as the quantity increases.
Figure 8
Collaborative Clusters and Temporal Trends in Open Access Publishing in Brazil. Panel (a) maps the main clusters of Brazilian authors collaborating on open access publications. Panel (b) displays the average year of publication for these clusters, with the color gradient ranging from earlier (cool tones) to more recent (warm tones) years of publication.
Figure 10
Conceptual Mapping and Temporal Analysis of Keywords in Brazilian Publications about Open Access. (a) illustrates thematic clusters of keywords associated with Open Access research in Brazil. (b) shows the average publication date of articles associated with each keyword, with colors transitioning from blue for older to yellow for more recent articles.
Figure 11
Key Citation Networks and Temporal Citation Patterns in Brazilian Publications about Open Access. Panel (a) shows the network of most-cited papers by Brazilian authors in the field of Open Access, with clusters indicating citation relationships. Panel (b) visualizes the average year of publication for cited works, with the color spectrum indicating older (blue) to more recent (yellow) publications.
Figure 12
Key Journals in the Brazilian Publications about Open Access. This map highlights the leading journals where Brazilian authors publish on the topic of open access. The node sizes reflecting the frequency of publication and connecting lines indicating inter-journal citations.
Figure 9
Visualization of Global Collaborative Networks in Brazilian Publications about Open Access. Panel (a) illustrates the interconnections between Brazil and other countries based on author collaborations. Panel (b) shows the mean publication year of articles within these networks, with the color gradient indicating more recent (yellow) to earlier (blue) collaborations.
Table I
Odds ratios for publishing Open Access1.
Table II
Summary of Analysis of Variance for Open Access Publishing.
Table III
Summary of Analysis of Variance for Impact of Publishing.
Table IV
Path Analysis for Brazilian (A) and rest of the world (B) authors.
Table V
Percentages of papers and type of Publication depending on area of knowledge.
Table VI
Publishing indicators depending on the Capes area, type of access and where the papers were published.
Table VII
Main funders of papers on open access in Brazil.
Table VIII
Major authors and institutions publishing on open access in Brazil.
Table IX
Major journals used for publishing on open access in Brazil.