Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae - Cranichideae) from Uruguay: taxonomy and distribution

Pérez, Lucía Marín; Pessoa, Edlley; Buzatto, Cristiano Roberto; Alves, Marccus

doi:10.1590/0102-33062021abb0333

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Original Article • Acta Bot. Bras. 36 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062021abb0333 linkcopy

Spiranthinae (Orchidaceae - Cranichideae) from Uruguay: taxonomy and distribution

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Uruguay occupies an area of special relevance for species of terrestrial orchids of the subtribe Spiranthinae because it is located in one of the largest continuous grassland regions of the Americas. The aim of this study is to provide a taxonomic study of Spiranthinae species from Uruguay. A total of 22 species distributed in seven genera were confirmed to the country, representing almost half of the species of terrestrial orchids in Uruguay. Cyclopogon (8 spp.), Skeptrostachys (5 spp.) and Brachystele (4 spp.) were the most representative. Additionally, a new synonym in Brachystele dilatata (=Brachystele waldemarii) is proposed. The group was found in all departments and ecoregions of the country, mainly in the southeastern (Maldonado: 10 spp., Rocha: 12 spp. Lavalleja: 10 spp.) and northeastern (Rivera: 11 spp., Tacuarembó 9 spp.) regions. Among the ecoregions, the “Serrano Forest” (17 spp.) and “Graben de la Laguna Merín” (14 spp.) were the most species-rich. Descriptions, illustrations, an identification key, and comments on geographical distribution of the species are provided.

Keywords: southern cone; neotropics; monocots; Orchidoideae; systematics

Authorship

Lucía Marín Pérez ^** Corresponding author: luciaperezbiologia@gmail.com

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, BrazilUniversidade Federal de PernambucoBrazilRecife, PE, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0871-2374

Edlley Pessoa

Departamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Mato GrossoBrazilCuiabá, MT, BrazilDepartamento de Botânica e Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060-900, Cuiabá, MT, Brazil

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, 65604-375, Caxias, MA, BrazilUniversidade Estadual do MaranhãoBrazilCaxias, MA, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade, Ambiente e Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, 65604-375, Caxias, MA, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-8684

Cristiano Roberto Buzatto

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto da Saúde, Universidade de Passo Fundo, 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, BrazilUniversidade de Passo FundoBrazilPasso Fundo, RS, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto da Saúde, Universidade de Passo Fundo, 99052-900, Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-0390

Marccus Alves

Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, BrazilUniversidade Federal de PernambucoBrazilRecife, PE, Brazil Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 50670-901, Recife, PE, Brazil

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9281-2257

* Corresponding author: luciaperezbiologia@gmail.com

SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Figures

Figures (10)

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Figure 1
Map of the study area. Location in South America, environments of Uruguay (Grasslands (P), Riparian Forest (BR), Quebrada forest (BQ), Serrano Forest (BS), Parque Forest (BP), Palmares (BPa), and Wetlands (H)), and departments (Artigas (Art), Canelones (Can), Cerro Largo (Cer), Colonia (Col), Durazno (Dur), Flores (Fle), Florida (Fli), Lavalleja (Lav), Maldonado (Mal), Montevideo (Mon), Paysandú (Pay), Río Negro (Río), Rivera (Riv), Rocha (Roc), Salto (Sal), San José (San), Soriano (Sor), Tacuarembó (Tac), and Treinta y Tres (Tre)).

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Figure 2
Map of the study area. Ecoregions (Cuesta Basáltica (CuBa), Cuenca Sedimentaria Gondwánica (CuSeGo), Cuenca Sedimentaria del Oeste (CuSeOe), Escudo Cristalino (EsCr), Graben de Santa Lucía (GrSaLu), Sierras del Este (SiEs), Graben de la Laguna Merín (GrLaMe)) and departments with occurrence points of Spiranthinae in Uruguay.

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Figure 3
Dissected perianths. A. Brachystele arechavaletae (Beyhaut & Bayse s.n.), B. Brachystele camporum (Marín et al. OR2), C. Brachystele cyclochila (Cirillo s.n.), D. Brachystele dilatata (Marín et al. OR22), E. Cyclopogon apricus (Izaguirre et al. s.n.), F. Cyclopogon chloroleucus (Brussa & Grela 1212), G. Cyclopogon congestus (Izaguirre et al. s.n.), H. Cyclopogon elegans (Haretche 28), I. Cyclopogon longibracteatus (Izaguirre et al.), J. Cyclopogon micranthus (Haretche 27), K. Cyclopogon oliganthus (Cirillo s.n.).

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Figure 4
Distribution of species of Brachystele in relation to the relief of the country.

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Figure 5
Distribution of species of Cyclopogon in relation to the relief of the country.

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Figure 6
Spiranthinae from Uruguay. A-C. Brachystele camporum. A. Inflorescence, B. Detail of the flowers, C. Specimen in the habitat. D-F: Brachystele dilatata. D. Detail of the Flowers, E. Specimens in the habitat, F. Rosette. G. Cyclopogon apricus. H. Cyclopogon chloroleucus. I-J. Cyclopogon elatus. I. Inflorescence J. Specimen in the habitat, K-L. Cyclopogon micranthus. K. Specimen in the habitat. L. Rosette.

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Figure 7
Dissected perianths: A. Pachygenium bonariensis (Rosengurtt B2628), B. Pelexia lindmanii (Bayhaut s.n.), C. Sacoila lanceolata (Brussa s.n.), D. Skeptrostachys arechavaletanii (Marin & Marin OR17), E. Skeptrostachys balanophorostachya (Muñoz & Díaz s.n.), F. Skeptrostachys berroana (Izaguirre s.n.), G. Skeptrostachys gigantea (Marin OR15), H. Skeptrostachys paraguayensis (Báez s.n.).

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Figure 8
Distribution of species of Pachygenium, Pelexia and Sacoila in relation to the relief of the country.

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Figure 9
Distribution of species of Skeptrostachys in relation to the relief of the country.

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Figure 10
Spiranthinae from Uruguay. A-B. Pachygenium bonariense. A. Detail of the flowers. B. Specimens in the habitat. C-D. Sacoila lanceolata. C. Detail of the flowers, D. Specimens in the habitat. E-F. Skeptrostachys arechavaletanii. E. Detail of the flowers, F. Specimens in the habitat. G-H. Skeptrostachys balanophorostachya. G. Detail of the Flowers, H. Specimens in the habitat. I-J. Skeptrostachys gigantea. I. Detail of the flowers, J. Specimens in the habitat. K-L. Skeptrostachys paraguayensis. K. Detail of the Flowers. L. Specimens in the habitat.

imageFigure 1 Map of the study area. Location in South America, environments of Uruguay (Grasslands (P), Riparian Forest (BR), Quebrada forest (BQ), Serrano Forest (BS), Parque Forest (BP), Palmares (BPa), and Wetlands (H)), and departments (Artigas (Art), Canelones (Can), Cerro Largo (Cer), Colonia (Col), Durazno (Dur), Flores (Fle), Florida (Fli), Lavalleja (Lav), Maldonado (Mal), Montevideo (Mon), Paysandú (Pay), Río Negro (Río), Rivera (Riv), Rocha (Roc), Salto (Sal), San José (San), Soriano (Sor), Tacuarembó (Tac), and Treinta y Tres (Tre)). open_in_new

imageFigure 2 Map of the study area. Ecoregions (Cuesta Basáltica (CuBa), Cuenca Sedimentaria Gondwánica (CuSeGo), Cuenca Sedimentaria del Oeste (CuSeOe), Escudo Cristalino (EsCr), Graben de Santa Lucía (GrSaLu), Sierras del Este (SiEs), Graben de la Laguna Merín (GrLaMe)) and departments with occurrence points of Spiranthinae in Uruguay. open_in_new

imageFigure 3 Dissected perianths. A. Brachystele arechavaletae (Beyhaut & Bayse s.n.), B. Brachystele camporum (Marín et al. OR2), C. Brachystele cyclochila (Cirillo s.n.), D. Brachystele dilatata (Marín et al. OR22), E. Cyclopogon apricus (Izaguirre et al. s.n.), F. Cyclopogon chloroleucus (Brussa & Grela 1212), G. Cyclopogon congestus (Izaguirre et al. s.n.), H. Cyclopogon elegans (Haretche 28), I. Cyclopogon longibracteatus (Izaguirre et al.), J. Cyclopogon micranthus (Haretche 27), K. Cyclopogon oliganthus (Cirillo s.n.). open_in_new

imageFigure 4 Distribution of species of Brachystele in relation to the relief of the country. open_in_new

imageFigure 5 Distribution of species of Cyclopogon in relation to the relief of the country. open_in_new

imageFigure 6 Spiranthinae from Uruguay. A-C. Brachystele camporum. A. Inflorescence, B. Detail of the flowers, C. Specimen in the habitat. D-F: Brachystele dilatata. D. Detail of the Flowers, E. Specimens in the habitat, F. Rosette. G. Cyclopogon apricus. H. Cyclopogon chloroleucus. I-J. Cyclopogon elatus. I. Inflorescence J. Specimen in the habitat, K-L. Cyclopogon micranthus. K. Specimen in the habitat. L. Rosette. open_in_new

imageFigure 7 Dissected perianths: A. Pachygenium bonariensis (Rosengurtt B2628), B. Pelexia lindmanii (Bayhaut s.n.), C. Sacoila lanceolata (Brussa s.n.), D. Skeptrostachys arechavaletanii (Marin & Marin OR17), E. Skeptrostachys balanophorostachya (Muñoz & Díaz s.n.), F. Skeptrostachys berroana (Izaguirre s.n.), G. Skeptrostachys gigantea (Marin OR15), H. Skeptrostachys paraguayensis (Báez s.n.). open_in_new

imageFigure 8 Distribution of species of Pachygenium, Pelexia and Sacoila in relation to the relief of the country. open_in_new

imageFigure 9 Distribution of species of Skeptrostachys in relation to the relief of the country. open_in_new

imageFigure 10 Spiranthinae from Uruguay. A-B. Pachygenium bonariense. A. Detail of the flowers. B. Specimens in the habitat. C-D. Sacoila lanceolata. C. Detail of the flowers, D. Specimens in the habitat. E-F. Skeptrostachys arechavaletanii. E. Detail of the flowers, F. Specimens in the habitat. G-H. Skeptrostachys balanophorostachya. G. Detail of the Flowers, H. Specimens in the habitat. I-J. Skeptrostachys gigantea. I. Detail of the flowers, J. Specimens in the habitat. K-L. Skeptrostachys paraguayensis. K. Detail of the Flowers. L. Specimens in the habitat. open_in_new

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