Author (year) |
Sample |
Methods |
Main Results |
Farghadani et al. (2016) |
607 patients |
Computed tomography |
Three hundred and eighty-eight (63.9%) of the 607 patients had classic SMA anatomy and 219 (36.1%) had variant types, the most common type was the one from the right hepatic artery (9.6%). |
Fonseca Neto et al. (2017) |
479 patients |
Vascular analysis of deceased liver donors |
Four hundred and sixteen patients (86.84%) had normal arterial anatomy. The other 63 patients (13.15%) presented anatomical variation. Of these, 27 presented the superior mesenteric artery originating the right hepatic artery, whereas other 4 presented the right hepatic artery resulting from the superior mesenteric artery while the left hepatic artery originated from the left gastric artery. |
Gamo. et al. (2016) |
Sample #1: 28 men and 22 women (cadavers); Sample #2: 399 men and 161 women (alive) |
Human cadaveric dissection and computed tomography |
The variations found were classified into two types. In type I, SMA originated the middle colic artery (MCA), right colic (RCA) and ileocolical (ICA) in 40% of cadavers dissected and 73.69% of the CT scan (computed tomography). In type II, there are three distinct patterns: in the IIA, ICA arises separately (found in 20% of the dissected cadavers and 4.28% of the CT sample), in IIB the MCA is the one that arises separately (found in 32% of the cadavers dissected and 15% of the CT sample) and in the IIC, MCA, RCA and ICA appear from the common trunk (present in 0.35% of CTs and absent in cadavers). |
Gomes et al. (2014) |
One male cadaver |
Cadaveric dissection |
The common hepatic artery originated from the superior mesenteric artery, located 3.5 cm below and lateral to the celiac trunk, forming a hepatomesenteric trunk. |
Jain and Motwani (2013) |
20 cadavers |
Cadaveric dissection |
14 cadavers (70%) presented a normal SMA branch pattern, 5 cadavers (25%) had a common trunk for the ileocolic and right colonic arteries coming out of SMA, while 1 cadaver (5%) presented the rarest variation in the pattern of SMA branching: a common trunk of the left colonic artery with an accessory splenic artery arising from its anterior face, rather than from the inferior mesenteric artery. |
Kitamura et al. (1987) |
A 69-year-old Japanese cadaver |
Cadaveric dissection |
SMA originated the inferior mesenteric artery, which usually originates from the abdominal aorta. And although it emerged from SMA, it had the same branches as a lower mesenteric artery. |
Koops et al. (2004) |
604 patients |
Analysis of superior celiac and mesenteric angiograms |
The arterial anatomy considered normal in the literature was found in 79.1% of the exams. The aberrant right or accessory hepatic artery (RHA) branched out from the superior mesenteric artery in 11.9% of the cases. |
Matusz et al. (2013) |
A 44-year-old man |
Computed tomography angiotomography |
The celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery originate from the thoracic aorta (TA) 21 mm and 9 mm above the aortic hiatus, respectively. The SMA descends both at the thoracic and abdominal level, making a 17º angle, and having an aortomesenteric distance of 9 mm at the level of the third part of the duodenum. |
Olave et al. (2009) |
31 Chileanpatients, adults |
Helical computed tomography |
The superior mesenteric artery was found in 100% of the cases. The level of origin was always cranial to the origin of the renal arteries. The level of origin of the superior mesenteric artery was observed compared to LI vertebra in 16 cases and in the L2 vertebra in 8 cases. |
Kornafel et al. (2010) |
201 patients (91 womenand 110 men) |
Computed tomography angiography |
In 88 patients (43.8%), there were anatomical variations of the branched arteries from the abdominal aorta, including superior mesenteric artery variations in 4 (2%) patients. The common origin of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery - the celiac-mesenteric trunk - was observed in 3 patients (1.5%). The simultaneous presence of the gastroesplenic trunk and the hepatomesenteric trunk was found in 1 patient (0.5%). |
Saša et al. (2016) |
A prematureinfant (29 weeks) |
Ultrasonographyand Abdominal Radiography |
Investigation of the abdominal cavity revealed duodenal atresia in the second portion of the duodenum with absence of the third and fourth portions, as well as absence of the superior mesenteric artery and jejunum apple peel atresia. |
Sebben G. et al. (2013) |
45 cadavers |
Cadaveric dissection |
Among the 45 cadavers analyzed, 7 presented anatomical variations related to SMA. In three cases, the right hepatic artery originated from SMA, corresponding to 10% of the sample. In two of the cadavers, the SMA originated the common hepatic artery. It was also found a single case of the left hepatic artery arising from SMA and one case of SMA originating the gastroduodenal artery. |
Taha et al. (2017) |
A Sudanese male cadaver |
Cadaveric dissection |
SMA was observed by forming an arch over the confluence of the inferior vena cava and left renal vein. Other variations were found: 1) The SMA shared the same origin as the celiac trunk; 2) The unusual origin of the right hepatic artery. |
Torres et al. (1999) |
34-week newborn with intestinal atresia |
Ultrasonographyand Abdominal Radiography |
Ultrasound examination of the abdomen suggested the absence of SMA shortly after its removal from the abdominal aorta and with hypertrophy of the celiac axis. The two distal thirds of the transverse, descending and rectosigmoid colon were present. No calcifications were observed in the abdominal cavity, as occasionally occurs with intestinal atresia. |
Weber and Freeman (1999) |
36-week newborn with duodenojejunal atresia |
Laparotomy |
There was loss of the third and fourth parts of the duodenum due to the absence of the SMA branch. The distal segment of the ileum is shortened and assumes the helical configuration around a retrograde perfusion vessel, which compensates for the missing SMA. This case involved complete obliteration of SMA together with associated duodenal atresia. |
Wu Y et al. (2014) |
A 69-year-old woman |
Computed tomography |
The study revealed the complete absence of SMA and compensatory dilation of the inferior mesenteric artery. The aneurysm of the splenic artery and the inferior phrenic arteries that emerged aberrantly from the aorta on the same level of the celiac trunk were also observed. |
Yakura et al. (2017) |
An 86-year-old female cadaver |
Cadavericdissection |
SMA originated the cystic artery. The middle colonic artery was absent and the left colonic artery, branching from the inferior mesenteric artery, was distributed along the entire length of the transverse colon. |
Yoo et al. (2011) |
An 82-year-old Korean female cadaver |
Cadavericdissection |
SMA gave the inferior mesenteric artery as its second branch. The longitudinal vessels of the anastomosis between the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery survived to form the common mesenteric artery. |