Precision and trajectory of three-dimensionally printed animal-specific drill guide for cervical transpedicular screw placement in dogs: An <i>ex vivo</i> study

Sargı, L.F.; Rocha, T.A.S.S.; Dıssenha, A.; Sobrınho, F.B. Silva; Gonçalves Neto, J.A.; Dias, L.G.G.G.; Mınto, B.W.

doi:10.1590/1678-4162-13116

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Original Article - Veterinary Medicine • Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec. 76 (4) • Jul-Aug 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-13116 linkcopy

Precision and trajectory of three-dimensionally printed animal-specific drill guide for cervical transpedicular screw placement in dogs: An ex vivo study

[Precisão e trajetória de guia de perfuração animal-específico impresso tridimensionalmente para colocação de parafusos transpediculares cervicais em cães: um estudo ex vivo]

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to evaluate the precision of a new surgical drill guide model printed in 3D to assist in directing cervical transpedicular screw placement. Five canine cadavers underwent computed tomography (CT). C5 and C6 cervical vertebrae were exported to three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction software, which allowed the creation of an animal-specific virtual perforation surgical guide (3DSDG) based on the safe corridor of the vertebral pedicle for placement of 2.7 mm screws. The 3DSDG were printed in 3D by the SLA method. Pedicular screws were applied with the aid of the 3DSDG in cadaveric vertebrae (specimens) and ABS-printed biomodels. After implantation, a CT scan was performed on the specimens and biomodels, the images were exported to a program to assess the transverse angle of the perforations. There was no difference between the screw trajectories angles in the species (p >0.05) and biomodels (p >0.05). The evaluation of screw trajectories by the three-dimensional reconstruction method and by computed tomography also showed no significant differences (p >0.05). Our hypothesis was confirmed once the 3D-printed animal-specific drill guide can potentially help guide the drill for screw drilling in the caudal cervical vertebral pedicle in dogs.

Keywords: cervical pedicle; template; canine; cervical spine; patient-specific drilling guide; vertebra

						P-value
	Virtual	Reconstruction		Tomography
	Virtual					V×C×B ^*	C×B ^**	Re×T ^***
		Cadavers	Biomodels	Cadavers	Biomodels
C5
R	30.53± 7.21	33.80± 6.89	28.00± 3.61	31.18± 6.33	30.27± 5.58	0.479	0.217	0.739
L	33.61± 5.20	26.73± 4.07	32.56± 12.15	24.25± 13.48	31.15± 19.02	0.784	0.684	0.684
C6
R	31.49± 6.08	26.06± 9.75	25.86± 2.60	24.66± 9.71	32.49± 3.79	0.430	0.435	0.853
L	31.82± 3.05	33.89± 7.98	25.65± 6.02	34.27± 5.02	30.78± 6.81	0.577	0.384	0.161

	3D computational reconstruction		Computed Tomography
	Cadavers	Biomodels	Cadavers	Biomodels
C5
Right	-0.36±6.28	5.20±4.05	3.22±3.40	2.95±5.02
Left	3.25±5.18	4.76±4.73	4.99±6.94	7.75±11.4
C6
Right	1.86±8.84	3.53±3.86	4.91±6.93	-1.37±.76
Left	0.58±2.47	4.29±3.99	-2.82±3.18	1.68±8.39

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária Caixa Postal 567, 30123-970 Belo Horizonte MG - Brazil, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2041, Tel.: (55 31) 3409-2042 - Belo Horizonte - MG - Brazil
E-mail: abmvz.artigo@gmail.com

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[TFN1] C5: fifth cervical vertebra, C6: sixth cervical vertebra, R: right, L: left, V: virtual, C: cadavers, Re: reconstruction; T, tomography.

[TFN2] * = effects of the virtual, cadavers and biomodels, evaluated using the Kruskal-Wallis test.

[TFN3] ** = effects of the type of assessment (cadavers vs biomodels), evaluated using the Friedman test.

[TFN4] ***= effects of the type of assessment (Reconstruction vs Tomography), evaluated using the Friedman test.

[TFN5] P<0.05