De Souza et al.(17) (1985) |
Falciparum malaria |
A 100 mg MQ single dose via oral |
42 days |
_ |
16% participants presented dizziness |
Dizziness was considered a light and transitory side effect, not requiring specific treatment. Thus, MQ was considered highly efficient, safe and well tolerated during the falciparum malaria treatment in adult Brazilian men. The advantages of this medication that can be taken in a single via oral dose to treat multi-resistant falciparum malaria are, therefore, obvious. |
Hessén-Söderman(19) (1995) |
Prophylaxis |
250 mg MQ via oral once a week |
6 weeks |
A patient presented alteration, which was not specified. |
A patient presented non-specific, light and constant dizziness. |
Results showed that MQ was well tolerated and no general effect of the drug was noticed in the postural system. |
Davis et al.(18) (1996) |
Prophylaxis |
1 pill a week: 250 mg MQ or 250 mg placebo |
4 weeks |
Tinnitus present in under 10% of the individuals and significant absence of HL at 6 KHz |
Dizziness present in under 10% of the individuals |
Despite evidence of the quinine acute auditory toxicity in healthy individuals, no HL provoked by the MQ use was observed. |
Van Riemsdijk et al.(21) (1997) |
Prophylasis |
-- |
3 months |
_ |
Vertigo, dizziness, inpaired sight and ataxia |
Unfavorable reactions to the MQ use were observed. Great part of the drug users presented insomnia, dizziness, sickness, diarrhea, anxiety, depression, palpitation and vertigo. The results pointed out that despite being a drug that presents several side effects, MQ can still be considered a useful medication for the malaria treatment. |
Fusetti et al.(25) (1999) |
Falciparum Malaria |
_ |
_ |
Tinnitus and high frequency sensorineural HL. |
_ |
One patient presented HL partial remission after MQ discontinuation. No patient reported tinnitus improvement. Routine audiological evlauation during the MQ prophylactic use is suggested to monitor possible auditory deficit. |
Kollaritsch et al.(22) (2000) |
Prophylaxis |
Six 250 mg MQ doses |
28 days |
_ |
Vertigo |
Adverse reactions were more frequent in women. Headaches, insomnia and vertigo were the most common side effects. MQ lower tolerability in women might be due to the higher concentration of drugs in that group, indicating the need for a proper adjustment of the MQ dose in women. |
Rendi-Wagner et al.(20) (2002) |
Prophylaxis |
1250 mg MQ in five 250mg pills, starting with three pills and six hours later the other two. |
21 days |
_ |
Vertigo present in 96% of the individuals, which was severe in 73% |
Vertigo was described as dizziness associated to fast movements, causing problems of coordination, severe sickness and vomiting, starting within 24 hours and reaching a peak on the first day. These findings represent the first investigation with therapeutical doses, allowing the identification of adverse reactions associated to MQ, regardless of any malaria symptoms. |
Mizuno et al.(23) (2006) |
Prophylaxis |
_ |
2 weeks |
Tinnitues |
Dizziness |
The importance of knowing the toxicity profile and adverse effects of the MQ prolongued use is pointed out. |
Wise and Toovey(26) (2007) |
Prophylaxis |
Three 250mg MQ doses (one dose a week) |
21 dias |
Tinnitus and sensorineural HL at 90 dB in 1 kHz and at 70 dB in 4 kHz |
_ |
The case might provide a lesson regarding counterindication to the MQ use, and it seems wise to avoid the drug use in individuals with hearing impairment. |
Nevin(13) (2012) |
Falciparum Malaria |
Three MQ doses |
15 days |
Tinnitus |
Vertigo and unbalance |
MQ caused balance alterations. |
Livezey et al.(28) (2016) |
Prophylaxis |
250 mg a week |
6 months |
_ |
Dizziness, unbalance and vertigo |
The study reports the potential appearance of neuropsychiatric side effects induced by MQ, varying from central vestibulopathy to significant behavioral alterations, also presenting sleep disorders. |
Nevin and Leoutsakos(24) (2017) |
Prophylaxis |
_ |
_ |
_ |
Vertigo and dizziness |
The appearance of neurological symptoms such as dizziness, vertigo and paresthesia might help to improve the findings of MQ case studies on the drug severe adverse reactions. Whenever these symptoms appear, the drug use should be discontinued. |