2018 |
Goroff et al.(17)
|
Retrospective |
To describe the use of oral hydration protocols for dysphagic patients after stroke. |
674 |
Ischemic |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On admission and throughout hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation |
Interventions can begin in a wiser manner based on the dysphagia severity. |
2018 |
Murray et al.(18)
|
Retrospective |
To investigate demographic and stroke comorbidities, including dysphagia, more significantly oral fluid intake, hydration status, and specific adverse health outcomes for rehabilitation after stroke. |
100 individuals |
Ischemic and hemorrhagic |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On admission and throughout hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation |
Overall, functional dependence was the most predictive factor of low fluid intake. |
2016 |
Crary et al.(19)
|
Retrospective |
To identify associations between clinical management variables and hydration status in acute stroke patients. |
67 individuals |
Ischemic stroke |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
1.4 days of admission and again on discharge or on the 7th day after admission |
Clinical evaluation |
Dietary and fluid changes resulted in worsening hydration at discharge. |
2016 |
Murray et al.(20)
|
Randomized |
To contribute to evidence of the water protocols effectiveness, with particular emphasis on health outcomes, especially hydration. |
69 individuals recruited from a stroke unit |
Not specific |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On admission and throughout hospitalization (once a week) |
Clinical evaluation and videofluoroscopy |
The water protocol employed in the study did not result in improved hydration. However, those who could drink water without thickener showed improvement in hydration levels. |
2013 |
Crary et al.(8)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate the association between malnutrition, dehydration and dysphagia in post stroke patients. |
67 individuals / 25 with dysphagia / 42 without dysphagia |
First stroke / Ischemic |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On admission and after 7 days or at hospital discharge |
Clinical evaluation and video fluoroscopy |
Patients after stroke with dysphagia were at risk of dehydration during hospitalization. |
2013 |
Kafri et al.(21)
|
Prospective |
To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of MF-BIA in monitoring hydration status compared with plasma osmolarity. |
27 post stroke patients |
First or recurrent stroke / Does not specify type |
Electrical bioimpedance and plasma osmolarity |
On hospital admission |
Not specific |
Electrical bioimpedance was not considered effective in the evaluation of dehydration in post stroke patients. |
2012 |
McGrail et al.(22)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate water intake of individuals after stroke, check the difference between individuals that use thickener and who receive liquids, and compare ingestion of hospitalized individuals after stroke with healthy individuals in the community. |
30 individuals / hospitalized (10 using thickener and 10 receiving fluids) and 10 healthy individuals |
First stroke / Ischemic |
Water intake |
During the first 72 hours of hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation |
Hospitalized stroke patients had lower water intake than recommended. |
2012 |
Rowat et al.(23)
|
Prospective |
To assess prevalence of dehydrationn in individuals after stroke and the factors of associated risks. |
2591 medical records |
First Stroke / Does not specify type |
Urea / creatinine ratio |
On admission and during hospitalization |
Not specific |
Changes in hydration status are common in patients after stroke and are associated with stroke severity and care during hospitalization. |
2012 |
Schrock et al.(7)
|
Prospective |
To assess whether the increase in BUN / creatinine ratio indicates worsening in clinical evolution of individuals after stroke. |
324 medical records, 163 women. |
Does not specify if it is the first stroke / ischemic |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On hospital admission |
Not evaluated |
Patients with altered hydration status worsened their clinical evolution. |
2011 |
Akimoto et al.(6)
|
Retrospective |
To investigate prevalence of dehydration in individuals after stroke, related to the increase in BUN / creatinine ratio. |
97 individuals |
Does not specify if it is the first stroke / ischemic |
BUN / creatinine ratio |
On hospital admission |
Not evaluated |
Association between stroke subtypes and hydration status. |
2011 |
Rowat et al.(24)
|
Prospective (Pilot Study) |
To verify whether urine specific gravity and color may predict dehydration in patients after stroke, when compared to urea/creatinine ratio. |
20 patients |
First or recurrent stroke / Ischemic or hemorrhagic |
Urine specific gravity, urine color, urea / creatinine ratio and clinical evaluation |
During the first 10 days of hospitalization |
Not specific |
Urine specific gravity and color were not considered effective methods in predicting dehydration. |
2011 |
Lin et al.(25)
|
Prospective |
To verify whether urine specific gravity is an effective method for dehydration prediction in individuals after stroke. |
317 patients / 274 non-progressing stroke / 43 with stroke in progress |
First Stroke / Ischemic |
Urine specific gravity and BUN / creatinine ratio |
On hospital admission and during the first three days |
Not evaluated |
Specific urine severity greater than 1,010 may be related to progressing stroke. |
2009 |
Rodriguez et al.(14)
|
Retrospective |
To evaluate the association between dehydration and stroke. |
428 patients / 214 post-stroke and 214 without a history of stroke, divided into two groups: > 65 years old and <65 years old |
Does not specify if it is the first stroke / ischemic |
Plasma Osmolarity |
On hospital admission |
Not evaluated |
Elderly patients after transient or ischemic stroke had increased plasma osmolarity. |
2007 |
Oh et al.(26)
|
Retrospective |
To evaluate hydroelectrolytic changes in individuals after stroke using alternative feeding route. |
85 medical records |
Not specific |
Analysis of sodium, potassium, glucose, BUN, creatinine, plasma osmolarity and water balance. |
During the first four days of hospitalization |
Not evaluated |
Significant changes were observed only in glucose values after the use of an alternative feeding route. |
2004 |
Churchill et al.(27)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate the effect of using diuretics in the state of hydration in individuals after stroke. |
296 individuals / 55 in diuretic use and 241 without use, being 61 with dysphagia and 234 without dysphagia |
Not specific |
BUN/creatinine ratio and analysis of BUN and sodium |
On hospital admission and during hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation and video fluoroscopy |
Diuretic use is associated with increased BUN / creatinine ratio in post-stroke patients. |
2004 |
Kelly et al.(12)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate the relationship between the biochemical indices of dehydration and venous thromboembolism (VTE) after stroke. |
102 individuals |
First or recurrent stroke / Ischemic |
Plasma osmolarity, urea and urea / creatinine ratio |
On hospital admission and on the ninth day of hospitalization |
Not evaluated |
Dehydration after stroke is associated with VTE, and adequate hydration in the acute phase of stroke is important. |
2001 |
Finestone et al.(28)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate the difference in water intake of individuals with dysphagia in alternative power supply route and use of thickener. |
13 individuals / 7 individuals with dysphagia on alternative feeding route and six individuals with oral diet. |
First Stroke / Ischemic or Hemorrhagic |
Water intake |
During five days of hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation |
Individuals with dysphagia using thickener had lower water intake than recommended. |
2001 |
Whelan(29)
|
Prospective |
To evaluate water intake of individuals with dysphagia post-stroke and investigate the incidence of dehydration. |
24 individuals with dysphagia using thickener |
Not specific |
Water intake and analysis of sodium, urea and creatinine concentration |
During 14 days of hospitalization |
Clinical evaluation and video fluoroscopy |
Individuals with dysphagia had lower water intake than recommended. |