Rainfall increases the biomass and drives the taxonomic and morpho-functional groups variability of phytoplankton in a subtropical urban lake

Silva, Matheus Vieira da; Jati, Susicley

doi:10.1590/S2179-975X7823

Brasil

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Original Article • Acta Limnol. Bras. 36 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X7823 linkcopy

Rainfall increases the biomass and drives the taxonomic and morpho-functional groups variability of phytoplankton in a subtropical urban lake

A pluviosidade aumenta a biomassa e impulsiona a variabilidade dos grupos taxonômicos e morfo-funcionais do fitoplâncton em um lago urbano subtropical

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract:

Aim To explore the short-term effects of rainfall events on the biomass, density, and richness of the phytoplankton community during dry and rainy periods, as well as on the selection and response of Morphology-Based Functional Groups (MBFG).

Methods The phytoplankton community and abiotic environmental variables were sampled over a short period in a subtropical urban lake during the dry and rainy seasons (2018-2019). Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) were generated to analyze the relationship between phytoplankton biovolume, density, and richness with abiotic variables. The predictability of phytoplankton functional groups was assessed using Redundancy Analysis (RDA).

Results There was an increase in the density and biovolume of the phytoplankton community during the rainy period. Species richness decreased with increased rainfall. The lake exhibited a high dominance of Cyanobacteria (MBFG VIII), mainly represented by Raphidiopsis raciborskii (Woloszynska) Aguilera in both periods studied.

Conclusions We found evidence supporting the hypothesis that rainfall events increase the density and biovolume of phytoplankton. Morphology-based functional groups served as efficient indicators of the lake's environmental conditions.

Keywords: ammonium; cyanobacteria; meteorological factors; precipitation

Dry
Surface	Z_max	Secchi	WT	DO	pH	Cond	Turb	NO3	NH4	TP	PO4
Mean	3.90	0.74	20.75	7.77	7.95	124.46	5.37	0.23	68.51	44.55	9.32
Maximum	5.50	0.85	23.50	9.59	8.80	131.40	8.90	0.50	154.47	76.52	13.46
Minimum	3.50	0.50	18.90	5.99	7.46	119.20	4.20	0.02	4.28	24.46	3.97
Coeff. var.	(0.28)	(10.0)	(15.0)	(7.0)	(23.5)	(27.0)	(5.6)	(1.4)	(1.6)	(4.5)	(3.4)
Zeu
Mean			20.74	7.08	7.82	125.15	5.42	0.23	71.46	41.56	9.26
Maximum			23.80	9.03	8.38	132.10	6.35	0.60	147.13	72.03	13.18
Minimum			18.70	5.32	7.17	119.50	4.28	0.01	8.29	0.00	3.73
Coeff. var.			(14.3)	(7.0)	(22.7)	(27.3)	(9.0)	(1.4)	(1.8)	(3.9)	(3.2)
Botton
Mean			20.68	5.49	7.81	125.27	5.56	0.24	85.21	43.89	9.37
Maximum			23.70	8.57	8.18	132.20	6.66	0.48	150.05	77.40	12.61
Minimum			18.70	3.24	7.06	120.00	4.51	0.03	13.26	33.46	4.22
Coeff. var.			(14.7)	(5.1)	(32.4)	(27.4)	(9.1)	(1.6)	(2.3)	(5.6)	(3.5)
Rainy
Surface	Z_max	Secchi	WT	DO	pH	Cond	Turb	NO3	NH4	TP	PO4
Mean	4.15	0.79	28.33	5.47	7.40	122.30	5.45	0.11	246.66	35.34	18.98
Maximum	6.0	0.90	29.80	7.33	8.20	127.20	6.82	0.22	416.99	49.65	43.68
Minimum	4.0	0.55	27.10	2.81	6.38	115.70	4.63	0.00	21.78	21.00	8.38
Coeff. var.	1.15	(8.9)	(37.6)	(5.5)	(18.6)	(31.1)	(11.6)	(1.4)	(1.9)	(4.3)	(1.7)
Zeu
Mean			28.15	4.01	7.36	123.83	5.02	0.09	249.63	32.82	17.60
Maximum			29.40	6.20	7.82	143.10	6.32	0.19	469.28	50.55	37.12
Minimum			26.90	0.51	6.83	116.60	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Coeff. var.			(36.1)	(2.7)	(29.1)	(23.0)	(2.9)	(1.1)	(1.7)	(2.4)	(1.5)
Botton
Mean			27.60	1.29	7.21	131.99	8.49	0.11	378.72	45.27	18.47
Maximum			29.50	5.92	7.81	196.50	33.04	0.17	1087.01	69.06	37.47
Minimum			17.50	0.12	6.56	116.60	5.05	0.07	67.01	26.98	8.21
Coeff. var.			(13.8)	(0.8)	(22.7)	(7.4)	(1.5)	(3.9)	(1.8)	(3.7)	(1.8)

Density	Estimate	Std. Error	z value	p
(Intercept)	1.18	0.1111	10.6	<0.001
NH₄-N	4.16	0.0006	0.06	<0.001
WT	6.29	0.005	1.06	<0.001
Biovolume	Estimate	Std. Error	z value	p
(Intercept)	0.6735	0.0385	17.4	<0.001
NH₄-N	0.0001	0.0002	0.66	0.048
WT	0.0231	0.0021	10.7	<0.001
Richness	Estimate	Std. Error	z value	p
(Intercept)	3.84	0.0309	124.3	<0.001
NH₄-N	-0.0001	0.0002	-0.656	0.512
WT	-0.0083	0.0018	-4.517	<0.001

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[1] Zmax= Total depth, WT= Water temperature, DO= Dissolved oxygen, pH= Hydrogenionic potential, Cond= Conductivity, Turb= Turbidity, TP= Total phosphorus.