Taxonomy and ecology of order Surirellales (Bacillariophyceae) in tropical reservoirs in Southeastern of Brazil

Morais, Krysna Stephanny de; Bartozek, Elaine Rodrigues; Zorzal-Almeida, Stéfano; Bicudo, Denise C.; Bicudo, Carlos Eduardo de Mattos

doi:10.1590/S2179-975X9817

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Thematic Section: Homage to Carlos Eduardo de Mattos Bicudo • Acta Limnol. Bras. 30 • 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X9817 linkcopy

Taxonomy and ecology of order Surirellales (Bacillariophyceae) in tropical reservoirs in Southeastern of Brazil

Taxonomia e ecologia da ordem Surirellales (Bacillariophyceae) em reservatórios tropicais no Sudeste do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Aim The aim of this study was to inventory the diatom species of order Surirellales present in the surface sediments of tropical reservoirs (São Paulo State, Brazil) and to correlate their distribution with environmental (pH, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen) and spatial predictors.

Methods Samplings were carried out in 31 reservoirs from 2009 to 2014. Vertical profile of water samples was collected in the summer and winter along the reservoirs, and their water column mean results were used to characterize each sampling site. We measured water transparency, euphotic zone, water depth, pH, dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Surface sediment samples (2 cm top) were collected for diatom analyses. A partial RDA was performed between species abundance data (response matrix) and environmental and spatial variables (predictor matrices).

Results 14 species of Surirellales were identified from the surface sediment samples, five of them being identified only at the genus level. Overall, partial RDA showed that the species distribution is constrained by both environmental and spatial predictors. Species were mainly ordinated in relation to pH and light availability.

Conclusion Our results demonstrated that the Surirellales species revealed ecological preferences to low nutrient concentrations, neutral to slightly acidic waters, and higher light availability. Moreover, our results suggest that both environmental and spatial factors are important for their species distribution.

Keywords: surface sediment; Stenopterobia; Surirella; Brazil

	All reservoirs	Oligotrophic reservoirs	Mesotrophic reservoirs	Eutrophic reservoirs
Depth (m)	11.4	16.4	8.3	9.0
Depth (m)	(0.5-42.5)	(0.5-39.5)	(0.8-42.5)	(3.0-18.0)
Water transparency (m)	1.7	2.2	1.5	1.1
Water transparency (m)	(0.3-4.2)	(0.5-4.2)	(0.5-2.9)	(0.3-1.5)
Light penetration	0.5	0.5	0.6	0.4
Light penetration	(0.1-1.0)	(0.2-1.0)	(0.1-1.0)	(0.1-1.0)
pH	6.7	6.3	6.6	7.4
pH	(5.2-8.2)	(5.2-7.3)	(5.8-7.6)	(6.6-8.2)
DO (mg L^-1)	5.7	5.8	5.7	5.5
DO (mg L^-1)	(2.3-10.7)	(3.7-8.6)	(3.3-7.2)	(2.3-10.7)
TN (µg L^-1)	966.9	340.9	625.1	2452.9
TN (µg L^-1)	(152.0-10209.5)	(152.0-770.4)	(163.1-1735.7)	(400.3-10209.5)
TP (µg L^-1)	37.8	10.1	23.9	101.8
TP (µg L^-1)	(4.0-442.1)	(4.0-24.5)	(11.7-81.2)	(25.4-442.1)
N:P	78.7	95.8	68.7	69.0
molar ratio	(23.9-354.6)	(31.4-257.6)	(23.9-354.6)	(28.7-170.4)

Species	Species codes	Abundance (%)	Frequency of occurrence (%)
Stenopterobia curvula	STCU	0.0-4.0	5.7
Stenopterobia delicatissima	STDE	0.0-0.4	6.5
Stenopterobia sp. 1	STESP1	0.0-3.0	2.4
Surirella angusta	SANG	0.0-0.3	0.8
Surirella guatimalensis	SGUA	0.0-0.2	0.8
Surirella linearis var. linearis	SLIN	0.0-0.8	0.8
Surirella linearis var. constricta	SLCO	0.0-0.2	1.6
Surirella roba	SRBA	0.0-4.7	0.8
Surirella splendida	SSPL	0.0-0.3	3.2
Surirella stalagma	SSTG	0.0-0.4	0.8
Surirella sp. 1	SURSP1	0.0-0.5	0.8
Surirella sp. 2	SURSP2	0.0-0.4	1.6
Surirella sp. 3	SURSP3	0.0-0.5	1.6
Surirella sp. 4	SURSP4	0.0-0.2	1.6

	Partial RDA				Ecological range
	Env	E+S	Spa	Res	pH	TN	TP
	Env	E+S	Spa	Res	pH	(µg L^-1)	(µg L^-1)
Stenopterobia curvula	0.08	0.10	0.26	0.55	6.1-6.2	163.1-278.8	9.6-15.7
Stenopterobia delicatissima	0.25	0.00	0.02	0.73	5.4-6.2	163.1-418.6	4.0-15.0
Stenopterobia sp. 1	0.17	0.02	0.15	0.65	5.4	292.7-425.6	4.0-4.4
Surirella angusta	0.01	---	---	1.00	6.1	218.7	14.7
Surirella guatimalensis	---	0.01	---	1.00	6.5	586.8	14.8
Surirella linearis var. linearis	0.00	0.00	0.06	0.95	7.6	1185.9	81.2
Surirella linearis var. constricta	0.01	0.02	---	1.00	6.0-6.4	201.8-360.2	12.3-24.5
Surirella roba	0.29	---	0.18	0.55	6.1-6.2	163.1-278.8	9.6-15.7
Surirella splendida	---	---	0.08	0.94	6.6-6.8	305.4-355.4	17.1-18.0
Surirella stalagma	---	0.01	---	1.00	6.7-6.9	284.5-748.7	19.1-25.5
Surirella sp. 1	0.02	---	0.08	0.95	6.4	305.5	10.2
Surirella sp. 2	0.09	0.01	---	0.92	5.2	465.5	4.0
Surirella sp. 3	0.00	0.02	---	1.00	7.0	410.7	35.2
Surirella sp. 4	0.04	0.02	---	0.96	6.9-7.1	167.3-203.7	8.1-11.6

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[1] DO: dissolved oxygen; TN: total nitrogen (µg L^-1); TP: total phosphorus (µg L^-1); Light penetration: Z_eu:Z_max ratio.