Funções executivas em crianças com dislexia

Barbosa, Thais; Rodrigues, Camila Cruz; Mello, Claudia Berlim de; Silva, Mariana Cristina de Souza e; Bueno, Orlando Francisco Amodeo

doi:10.1590/0004-282X20190033

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Article • Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 77 (4) • Abr 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20190033 linkcopiar

Funções executivas em crianças com dislexia

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar se crianças com dislexia têm dificuldades nas habilidades de funções executivas (shifting, memória operacional e inibição).

Métodos: Uma amostra de 47 crianças (idades entre 8 e 13 anos) participaram do estudo: 24 crianças disléxicas e 23 crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Uma bateria de avaliação neuropsicológica foi usada.

Results: Os resultados revelaram dificuldades nas funções executivas nas crianças disléxicas quando comparadas com as controle, envolvendo processos de modulação de atenção seletiva, shifting e controle inibitório. Essas dificuldades parecem ser afetadas pelos déficits na memória operacional fonológica, tipicamente associada à dislexia.

Conclusion: Assim, nossos achados suportam o consenso de que a disfunção central da dislexia está nas habilidades fonológicas.

Palavras-chave: Dislexia; função executiva; criança; cognição

Variable	Dyslexic group	Control group
Age (Average)	11 (± 1.7)	10.9 (± 1.8)
Sex	18 male	16 male
Sex	6 female	7 female
School Type	15 public school	15 public school
School Type	9 private school	8 private school

CCPT Measures	Dyslexic group	Control group	p-value
Gross omissions^* * Control group outperformed dyslexic group; ISI: Inter-Stimulus Interval; Hit RT: Hit Reaction Time; Hit RT SE: Hit Reaction Time Standard Error.	21.3 (± 14.4)	8.7 (± 9.8)	0.01
Percentage of omissions^* * Control group outperformed dyslexic group; ISI: Inter-Stimulus Interval; Hit RT: Hit Reaction Time; Hit RT SE: Hit Reaction Time Standard Error.	6.2 (± 4.7)	2.7 (± 3)	0.02
Gross commissions^* * Control group outperformed dyslexic group; ISI: Inter-Stimulus Interval; Hit RT: Hit Reaction Time; Hit RT SE: Hit Reaction Time Standard Error.	22 (± 8.1)	19.6 (± 8.5)	0.4
Percentage of commissions	61.1 (± 22.6)	54.7 (± 23.8)	0.4
Hit RT^* * Control group outperformed dyslexic group; ISI: Inter-Stimulus Interval; Hit RT: Hit Reaction Time; Hit RT SE: Hit Reaction Time Standard Error.	477.7 (± 88.1)	389.4 (± 70.8)	0.001
Hit RT SE	15.6 (± 6.6)	8.9 (± 4.1)	0.2
Variability	35 (± 21)	20 (± 16.7)	0.06
Detectability (d’)	0.4 (± 0.4)	0.5 (± 0.4)	0.5
Response Style (b)	1.5 (± 2)	1.4 (± 2.3)	0.9
Perseverations	12.7 (± 15.7)	3.2 (± 6.8)	0.06
Hit RT block change	0.03 (± 0.06)	0.01 (± 0.03)	0.2
Hit SE block change	0.13 (± 0.1)	0.08 (± 0.1)	0.2
Hit RT ISI change	0.1 (± 0.07)	0.07 (± 0.06)	0.3
Hit SE ISI change	0.2 (± 0.2)	0.1 (± 0.2)	0.2

Measures		Dyslexic group	Control group	p-value
Phonological working memory
BCPR	2 syllables	9.8 (± 0.4)	10 (± 0.2)	0.08
	3 syllables	9.3 (± 0.6)	9.7 (± 0.6)	0.06
	4 syllables	8.8 (± 1)	9.5 (± 0.5)	0.6
	5 syllables^* * Control group outperformed dyslexic group; BCPR: Brazilian Children's Test of Pseudoword Repetition.	6.8 (± 2.2)	9.5 (± 0.8)	0.0005
Visuospatial working memory
Digit span	Forward	4 (± 0.6)	5.1 (± 1.1)	0.1
Digit span	Backward^* * Control group outperformed dyslexic group; BCPR: Brazilian Children's Test of Pseudoword Repetition.	2.8 (± 0.7)	4.1 (± 1)	0.007
Corsi block-tapping test	Forward	4.8 (± 1.3)	5.5 (± 1)	0.6
Corsi block-tapping test	Backward	4.3 (± 1.1)	4.9 (± 1.1)	0.06

Measures	Dyslexic group	Control group	p-value
Total cards	116.1 (± 19.5)	102.8 (± 19.8)	0.3
Correct answers	71 (± 13)	73.2 (± 13)	0.6
Percentage of errors	36.4 (± 15.3)	26.4 (± 14.6)	0.06
Percentage of perseverative answers	24.3 (± 17.6)	11.9 (± 6.6)	0.6
Percentage of perseverative errors^* * Control group outperformed dyslexic group.	20.4 (± 13.3)	11.1 (± 6.2)	0.04
Percentage of non-perseverative errors	15.8 (± 9.8)	14.8 (± 9.1)	0.7
Number of categories completed	4.4 (± 1.6)	5.3 (± 1.5)	0.07
Failure to maintain setting	0.9 (± 1.1)	1 (± 1.2)	0.9

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Control group outperformed dyslexic group; ISI: Inter-Stimulus Interval; Hit RT: Hit Reaction Time; Hit RT SE: Hit Reaction Time Standard Error.