Melo et al., 201924 |
-
Computerized tomography, n=83 (70.9%) reported no encephalic lesions.
-
From the remaining patients: (i), n=18 (15.4%) presented frontal lobe lesions; (ii), n=12 (10.3%) presented parietal lobe lesions; (iii), n=7 (6%) presented temporal lobe lesions; (iv), n=4 (3.4%) presented occipital lobe lesions.
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
19.7% (n=23) of patients displayed intoxication signs, according to their records. The remaining records did not include any information on patients’ alcoholic statuses. |
Marinho et al., 201731 |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not informed |
De Almeida et al., 201611 |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Mean hospital stay length for: (i) 2008: 5.4 days; (ii) 2009: 5.3 days; (iii) 2010: 5.5 days; (iv) 2011: 5.6 days; (v) 2012: 5.8 days. Overall mean length of hospital stays: 5.5 days. |
Not informed |
Vieira et al., 201615 |
Early diffuse axonal injury and intracranial hypertension signs in computerized tomography are associated with greater mortality |
Hypotension, hypertension, hypothermia, hyperthermia, hypoglycemia, hyperglicemia, bradycardia, tachycardia, and hypoxia. |
Not informed |
n=33 (42.3%) patients reported alcohol intake prior the trauma event. |
Tavares et al., 201432 |
-
Chronic subdural hematoma, n=63 (32.5%)
-
Acute extradural hematoma, n=49 (25.3%)
-
Acute subdural hematoma, n=30(15.5%)
-
Cerebral edema, n=2 (1.0%)
-
Firearm projectile, n=7 (3.6%)
-
Depressed skull fracture, n=38 (19.6%)
-
Intraparenchymal hematoma, n=5 (2.6%)
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not informed |
De Souza et al., 201319 |
-
Study conducted on TBI caused by projectile firearms
-
Frontal lobe lesion, n=49 (27%)
-
Temporal lobe lesion, n=45 (25%)
-
Parietal lobe lesion, n=25 (14%)
-
Occipital lobe lesion, n=31 (17%)
-
Facial lesion, n=20 (11%)
-
Multiple lesions, n=11 (6%)
|
-
Tangential TBI, n=29 (16%)
-
Penetrating TBI, n=152 (84%)
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
Santos et al., 201325 |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Fernandes et al., 201333 |
-
Study did not specify whether lesions were chronic or acute.
-
Fractures, n=11,125 (2.5%)
-
Extradural hematoma, n=20,923 (4.8%)
-
Subdural hematoma, n=27,447 (6.3%)
-
Focal lesions, n=31,644 (7.2%)
-
Diffuse lesions, n=159,241 (36.3%)
-
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, n=1,856 (0.4%)
-
Non-specified lesions, n=186,742 (42.5%)
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Carvalho Viégas et al., 201334 |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Ruy and Rosa, 201135 |
Not informed |
-
Sensory reduction, n=45 (48.5%)
-
Anisocoria, n=15 (16.3%)
-
Mental confusion, n=11 (12.1%)
-
Psychomotor agitation, n=10 (10.9%)
-
Cardiopulmonary arrest, n=10 (10.9%)
-
Respiratory failure, n=9 (9.8%)
-
Seizures, n=6 (6.7%)
-
ICU clinical complications:
-
Pneumonia, n=16 (17.3%)
-
Sepsis, n=2 (2.2%)
-
Acute renal failure, n=2 (2.2%)
-
Cerebral hemorrhage, n=36 (38.9%)
-
Cerebral contusion, n=36 (38.5%)
-
Cerebral edema, n=23 (24.9%)
-
Bone fracture of any kind, n=18 (19.6%)
-
Pneumocephalus, n=12 (12.9%)
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
Moura et al., 201126 |
-
Study did not specify whether lesions were acute or chronic.
-
Diffuse axonal injury, n=1 (0.99%)
-
Extradural hematoma, n=20 (19.82%)
-
Cerebral contusion, n=18 (17.82%)
-
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, n=10 (9.9%)
-
Subdural hematoma, n=6 (5.94%)
-
Most afflicted cranial sites:
-
Frontal, n=25 (24.75%)
-
Temporal, n=12 (11.88%)
-
Temporoparietal, n=12 (11.88%)
-
Parietal, n=9 (8.91%)
-
Occipital, n=6 (5.94%)
-
Parietofrontal, n=6 (5.94%)
-
Frontotemporal, n=4 (3.96%)
-
Temporooccipital, n=2 (1.98%)
-
Basilar skull fracture, n=2 (1.98%)
|
-
At admission:
-
Headache, n=17 (16.83%)
-
Vomiting, n=16 (15.84%)
-
Otorrhagia, n=9 (8.91%)
-
Coma, n=6 (5.94%)
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
Ramos et al., 201036 |
General nervous system lesion, n=34 (19.9%) |
-
Bone lesion, n=39 (22.8%)
-
Vascular lesion, n=55 (32.2%)
-
Multiple lesions, n=26 (15.2%)
-
Soft tissues, n=7 (4.1%)
|
Not informed |
n=20 (11.7%) |
|
-
Diffuse Axonal Injury, n=56 (42.4%)
-
Swelling, n=74 (56.1%)
-
Intraparenchymal hemorrhage, n=46 (34.8%)
-
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, n=41 (31.1%)
-
Study did not specify whether lesions were acute or chronic:
-
Subdural hematoma, n=20 (15.2%)
-
Intraventricular hemorrhage, n=15 (11.4%)
-
Extradural hematoma, n=14 (10.6%)
|
-
Thoracic lesion, n=48 (36.4%)
-
Skeletal muscle lesion, n=37 (28.0%)
-
Abdomen, n=21 (15.9%)
-
Spinal cord, n=6 (4.6%)
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
|
-
Marshall type I injury, n=22 (2.9%)
-
Marshall type II injury, n=175 (23.4%)
-
Marshall type III injury, n=172 (23.0%)
-
Marshall type IV injury, n=58 (7.8%)
-
Evacuated mass lesion, n=240 (32.1%)
-
Non-evacuated lesion, n=30 (4.0%)
-
Brainstem lesion, n=50 (6.7%)
-
Subarachnoid hemorrhage, n=267 (35.7%)
|
-
Face trauma, n=108 (14.4%)
-
Cervical spine trauma, n=27 (3.6%)
-
Dorsal-lumbar spine trauma, n=7 (0.9%)
-
Thoracic trauma, n=141 (18.9%)
-
Abdominal trauma, n=70 (9.4%)
-
Limb trauma, n=204 (27.3%)
-
(Pupil) Isochoric, n=283 (37.8%)
-
(Pupil) Miotics, n=30 (4.0%)
-
(Pupil) Anisocorics, n=347 (46.4%)
-
(Pupil) Mydriatics, n=83 (11.1%)
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
|
Not informed |
-
Systemic arterial hypertension, n=9 (11.8%)
-
Epilepsy, n=6 (7.9%)
-
Alcoholism, n=4 (5.3%)
-
Diabetes mellitus, n=3 (3.9)
-
Heart failure, n=3 (3.9%)
-
Alzheimer’s disease, n=3 (3.9%)
-
HIV infection, n=3 (3.9%)
|
Not informed |
n=11 (14.5%) |
Faria et al., 200838 |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not informed |
n=33 (39.3%) |
Pereira et al., 200627 |
-
Altered CT scan, n=75 (31.0%) out of 242
-
Altered plain radiography of the skull, n=4 (1.7%) out of 239
|
-
Altered conscious level, n=85 (18.1%)
-
Vomiting and nausea, n=97 (20.6%)
-
Sleepiness, n=51 (10.9%)
-
Headache, n=40 (8.5%)
-
Dizziness, n=18 (3.8%)
-
Seizures, n=11 (2.3%)
-
Otorrhagia, n=12 (2.6%)
-
Epistaxis, n=8 (1.7%)
-
Diplopia, n=2 (0.43%)
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not informed |
Not applicable |
Melo et al., 200429 |
Not informed |
-
1 lesioned organ, n=117 (66.1%)
-
2 lesioned organs, n=40 (22.6%)
-
≥3 lesioned organs, n=20 (11.3%)
|
Not informed |
n=27 (4.9%) |
Dantas Filho et al., 200439 |
-
Marshall type I injury, n=15 (7.28%)
-
Marshall type II injury, n=63 (30.58%)
-
Marshall type III injury, n=33 (16.02%)
-
Marshall type IV injury, n=13 (6.31%)
-
Focal lesion (operated), n=72 (34.95%)
-
Focal lesion (not operated), n=10 (4.85%)
|
-
Hypo-/Hypernatremia and Hypo-/hypercalcemia, n=130 (63.21%)
-
Polyuria, n=32 (15.53%)
-
Bronchopneumonia, n=119 (57.77%)
-
Urinary infection, n=11 (5.34%)
-
Sepsis, n=10 (4.85%)
-
Sinusitis, n=6 (2.91%)
-
Gastrointestinal bleeding, n=3 (1.46%)
-
Hypoxia, n=81 (39.32%)
-
Hypotension, n=39 (18.93%)
-
Both hypoxia and hypotension, n=22 (10.68%)
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
|
-
Diffuse axonal injury, n=96 (80.0%)
-
Intracranial hypertension, n=47 (39.2%)
-
Skull fracture, n=63 (52.5%)
-
Hypoxic brain injury: (19.2%)
|
-
Limb fractures, n=46 (38.3%)
-
Thoracic trauma, n=42 (35%)
-
Abdominal trauma, n=44 (36.7%)
-
Both thoracic and abdominal trauma, n=32 (26.7%)
-
Pneumonia, n=10 (8.3%)
-
Purulent meningitis, n=3 (2.5%)
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
|
Skull fractures, n=1,800 (11%) |
Not informed |
-
<1 day, n=333 (2.0%)
-
1 to 3 days, n=12,100 (73.9%)
-
4 to 7 days, n=2.825 (17.3%)
-
8 to 29 days, n=1.023 (6.2%)
-
≥30 days, n=95 (0.6%)
|
Not applicable |
Koizumi et al., 200020 |
-
Fracture of skull vault, n=45 (1.2%)
-
Basilar skull fracture, n=32 (0.9%)
-
Other skull fractures, n=22 (0.6%)
-
Multiple fractures of skull/face, n=4 (0.1)
-
Brain concussion, n=1038 (28.6%)
-
Cerebral laceration and contusion, n=192 (5.3%)
-
Hemorrhage, n=509 (14.0%)
-
Traumatic intracranial lesion of other types, n=1793 (49.3%)
|
Not informed |
Most predominant hospital stay duration is of 1 to 7 days hospitalized (n=2,637; 72.5%). |
Not informed |
Colli et al., 199716 |
|
-
Scalp lesion: 66.2%
-
Headache (21.4% of children)
-
Vomit: 17% (approximately in adult and children)
-
Headache: 17% (approximately)
-
Alteration of consciousness (some time after TBI): 24.4%
-
Alteration of consciousness (immediately afterwards): 87%
-
Soft tissue lesion: 17.9%
-
Face lesion: 15.4%*
-
*Full text was not retrievable. Figure 7 was missing
|
Not informed |
17% of adults (approximately)* |
Gennari et al., 199517 |
Not informed |
|
Not informed |
Not informed |
Masini et al., 199430 |
-
Chronic subdural hematoma, n=54 (1)
-
Acute extradural hematoma, n=40 (0.7%)
-
Acute subdural hematoma, n=40 (0.7%)
-
General fractures and basilar skull fracture, n=58 (1%)
-
Cerebral contusion, n=56 (1%)
-
Firearm projectile induced lesion: 19 (0.4%)
-
Intracerebral hematoma: 9 (0.2%)
|
Not informed |
-
n=64 (64%) were discharged <24 hours.
-
n=16 (16%) stayed longer than 7 days.*
-
*Independent 100 people sample 71.6% patients
|
Not informed |
Maset et al., 199318 |
Not informed |
Not informed |
-
Average hospital stays: 4.65 days
-
71.6% patients stayed for a maximum of 4 days.
-
24.9% patients stayed for 2 days.
-
1.7% patients stayed for a period greater than 20 days.
|
Not informed |