Pedro Walfir Martins Souza-Filho
Instituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.orgInstituto Tecnológico ValeBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.org
Geosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mail: salomao.gn@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do ParáBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilGeosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mail: salomao.gn@gmail.com
Prafulla Kumar Sahoo
Instituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.orgInstituto Tecnológico ValeBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.org
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab – Punjab, India.Central University of PunjabIndiaPunjab, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science and Technology, School of Environmental and Earth Sciences, Central University of Punjab – Punjab, India.
Marcio Sousa da Silva
Instituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.orgInstituto Tecnológico ValeBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.org
Geosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mail: salomao.gn@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do ParáBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilGeosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mail: salomao.gn@gmail.com
Roberto Dall’Agnol
Instituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.orgInstituto Tecnológico ValeBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.org
Geosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mail: salomao.gn@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do ParáBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilGeosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mail: salomao.gn@gmail.com
Carlos Augusto Medeiros Filho
Mineral Exploitation, Vale S.A. – Parauapebas (PA), Brazil. E-mail: carlosaugusto.caca@gmail.comMineral Exploitation, Vale S.A.BrazilParauapebas, PA, BrazilMineral Exploitation, Vale S.A. – Parauapebas (PA), Brazil. E-mail: carlosaugusto.caca@gmail.com
Alessandro Sabá Leite
Instituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.orgInstituto Tecnológico ValeBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.org
Geosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mail: salomao.gn@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do ParáBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilGeosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mail: salomao.gn@gmail.com
Jair da Silva Ferreira Júnior
Instituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.orgInstituto Tecnológico ValeBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.org
Wilson da Rocha Nascimento Junior
Instituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.orgInstituto Tecnológico ValeBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.org
Géssica da Silva e Silva
Instituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.orgInstituto Tecnológico ValeBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.org
Gabriel Negreiros Salomão
Geosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mail: salomao.gn@gmail.comUniversidade Federal do ParáBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilGeosciences Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mail: salomao.gn@gmail.com
Fabiana Sarracini
Zoobotanical Park, Environmental Studies Management, Vale S.A. – Parauapebas (PA), Brazil. E-mail: fabiana.sarracine@vale.comEnvironmental Studies ManagementBrazilParauapebas, PA, BrazilZoobotanical Park, Environmental Studies Management, Vale S.A. – Parauapebas (PA), Brazil. E-mail: fabiana.sarracine@vale.com
Renato Oliveira Silva Junior
Instituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.orgInstituto Tecnológico ValeBrazilBelém, PA, BrazilInstituto Tecnológico Vale – Belém (PA), Brazil. E-mails: pedro.martins.souza@itv.org, walfir@ufpa.br, prafulla.iitkgp@gmail.com, marcio.sousa.silva@itv.org, roberto.dallagnol@itv.org, alessandro.leite@pq.itv.org, jair.junior@itv.org, wilson.nascimento@itv.org, gessicaesilva@gmail.com, renato.silva.junior@itv.org
Marlene Furtado da Costa
Environmental Management of Port and Railway, Vale S.A. – São Luís (MA), MA, Brazil. E-mail: marlene.costa@vale.comEnvironmental Management of Port and RailwayBrazilSão Luís, MA, BrazilEnvironmental Management of Port and Railway, Vale S.A. – São Luís (MA), MA, Brazil. E-mail: marlene.costa@vale.com
Competing interests: the authors declare no competing interests.
P.S.-F. concepted this study, wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and prepared Figures 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. P.S. carried out geochemical analysis and interpretation and prepared Table 1. M.S. and A.L. collected, processed, and provided geochemistry and environmental data of the study site. R.D. and C.M.-F. provided advisorship regarding the Amazonian craton geology and improved the manuscript through discussion. J.F.-J. developed the computer system to collect, storage, and analysis geochemical and environmental data. W.N.-J., G.S., and G.N.S. organized and manipulated geodatabase to generate geochemical maps, Figures 3 and 9, and improved the manuscript through corrections and suggestions. R.S.-J., F.S., and M.C. contribute to the conception of this study and provided advisorship regarding the logistic and strategic plain of sample collection along the study site.