Isoenzymic evidence on the interspecific origin of the Piatã coffeeYears ago it was found in a field of Coffea arabica (2n = 44) a coffee tree different from any other known so far. Initially it was thought to be an autotetraploid either of C. liberica (2n = 22) or of C. dewevrei (2n = 22). Morphological and cytological studies of this tree and its progeny, designated by the prefix C387 of the Department of Genetics, IAC and named Piatã, indicated that it was probably a natural hybrid originated from the fusion of a normal gamete (n = 22) of C. arabica and an unreduced gamete (2n = 22) of C. dewevrei. In the present study the isoenzyme banding patterns for the enzymes PGI, PGM and ADH of the seeds endosperm of Piatã confirmed its interspecific origin. The alleles of combination of C. dewevrei and C. arabica for the aforementioned isoenzymes is peculiar and distinct for these species, and such alleles segregate in the seeds of the Piatã. Isoenzymatic studies on seeds showed also that Piatã coffee is self-compatible, and not self-incompatible as it was believed. Indeed, autogamy is quite frequent in the Piatã coffee. Similar analyses may be useful for the identification of other natural hybrids among Coffea species. This could be of great value for genetic and evolution studies, and breeding of coffee, where the knowledge of the origin, genotype constitution and reproductive biology of the plants is important.
Coffea; C. arabica; C. dewevrei; isoenzymes; interspecific hybrid