Development of a computerized adaptive test to assess entrepreneurial personality

Postigo, Álvaro; Cuesta, Marcelino; Pedrosa, Ignacio; Muñiz, José; García-Cueto, Eduardo

doi:10.1186/s41155-020-00144-x

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Research, Psychological assessment • Psicol. Reflex. Crit. 33 • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-020-00144-x linkcopy

Development of a computerized adaptive test to assess entrepreneurial personality

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Background/objective Entrepreneurial behavior is of great importance nowadays owing to its significance in the generation of economic, social, personal, and cultural wellbeing. This behavior is influenced by cognitive and personality characteristics, as well as by socioeconomic and contextual factors. Entrepreneurial personality is made up of a set of psychological traits including self-efficacy, autonomy, innovation, internal locus of control, achievement motivation, optimism, stress tolerance, and risk-taking. The aim of this research is the development of a computerized adaptive test (CAT) to evaluate entrepreneurial personality.Method: A bank of 120 items was created evaluating various aspects of the entrepreneurial personality. The items were calibrated with the Samejima Graded Response Model using a sample of 1170 participants (M_age = 42.34; SD_age = 12.96).

Results The bank of items had an essentially unidimensional fit to the model. The CAT exhibited high accuracy for evaluating a wide range of θ scores, using a mean of 16 items with a very low standard error (M = 0.157). Relative validity evidence for the CAT was obtained with two additional tests of entrepreneurial personality (the Battery for the Assessment of the Enterprising Personality and the Measure of Enterpreneurial Tendencies and Abilities), with correlations of .908 and .657, respectively.

Conclusions The CAT developed has appropriate psychometric properties for the evaluation of entrepreneurial people.

Entrepreneurial personality; Evaluation; Computerized adaptive test; Adults

CHI-2/DF		CFI		RMSEA (CI)
N1	N2	N1	N2	N1	N2
2.27	2.30	.69	.69	.046 [.046, − .050]	.048 [.048, − .050]

Items	Frequency (%)	Items	Frequency (%)	Items	Frequency (%)
Item 1	0	Item 41	2.8	Item 81	0.1
Item 2	49	Item 42	9.4	Item 82	15.5
Item 3	59.5	Item 43	51.8	Item 83	57.7
Item 4	30	Item 44	8.5	Item 84	0
Item 5	9.5	Item 45	0	Item 85	0
Item 6	27	Item 46	13.1	Item 86	0
Item 7	0.3	Item 47	0.6	Item 87	0
Item 8	15.6	Item 48	20.6	Item 88	0
Item 9	54.6	Item 49	0	Item 89	54.5
Item 10	0	Item 50	2.2	Item 90	0.1
Item 11	19.4	Item 51	0.5	Item 91	54.1
Item 12	12.2	Item 52	8	Item 92	0.8
Item 13	51.5	Item 53	5.2	Item 93	0
Item 14	58.3	Item 54	3.3	Item 94	0
Item 15	39.9	Item 55	1.82	Item 95	0
Item 16	4	Item 56	0.1	Item 96	1.7
Item 17	8.7	Item 57	23	Item 97	0.4
Item 18	0.7	Item 58	8.5	Item 98	3.6
Item 19	0	Item 59	0	Item 99	3.4
Item 20	3.6	Item 60	11.5	Item 100	0.3
Item 21	1.6	Item 61	14.7	Item 101	1.6
Item 22	2.1	Item 62	52.7	Item 102	15.2
Item 23	4.3	Item 63	19.4	Item 103	1.3
Item 24	23.3	Item 64	17.2	Item 104	0.3
Item 25	11.4	Item 65	0.7	Item 105	0
Item 26	23.8	Item 66	20.4	Item 106	6.1
Item 27	0.5	Item 67	47	Item 107	54.1
Item 28	15	Item 68	0	Item 108	7.7
Item 29	5.4	Item 69	6	Item 109	11.6
Item 30	28.4	Item 70	4.6	Item 110	0.9
Item 31	7.4	Item 71	54.1	Item 111	0.1
Item 32	1	Item 72	43.8	Item 112	26.1
Item 33	19.1	Item 73	11	Item 113	0.4
Item 34	0	Item 74	1.4	Item 114	20.3
Item 35	15.5	Item 75	0.3	Item 115	1.3
Item 36	0.	Item 76	0	Item 116	0.1
Item 37	20.5	Item 77	0	Item 117	9.4
Item 38	0	Item 78	0.1	Item 118	34.2
Item 39	2.2	Item 79	0	Item 119	0
Item 40	16.3	Item 80	4.9	Item 120	8.1

NEO-FFI	θ	META	θ	BEPE	θ
NEO-FFI	CAT	META	CAT	BEPE	CAT
Agreeableness	.092	Opportunism	.517	Self-efficacy	.892
Openness	.223	Proactivity	.374	Autonomy	.569
Extraversion	.472	Creativity	.544	Innovativeness	.738
Neuroticism	− .413	Vision	.573	Internal locus of control	.567
Conscientiousness	.412	META Total	.657	Achievement motivation	.803
				Optimism	.696
				Stress tolerance	.581
				Risk-taking	.788
				BEPE total	.908

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[TFN1] Note: DF degrees of freedom, CFI Comparative Fit Index, RMSEA Root Mean Square Error of Approximation, CI confidence interval