Ahangar AG et al. (2013), India |
RCT |
60 patients, eligible for AVR |
Right mini-thoracotomy |
ASA 1 and 2 |
NRS |
Intraoperative: NS |
2 |
FS = 30 |
Postoperative: intravenous morphine, 3 mg, every 6 hours, in both groups |
MICS = 30 |
|
Aris A et al. (1999), Spain |
RCT |
40 patients, eligible for AVR |
“J” or inverted “L” or “C” ministernotomy |
5% to 10% (Parsonnet score) |
VAS |
Intraoperative: etomidate, fentanyl, pancuronium, and propofol in both groups |
2 |
FS = 20 |
Postoperative: continuous infusion of metamizole (dipyrone) at the rate of 4 g/12 hours while in the intensive care unit and oral acetaminophen (500 mg) and codeine (30 mg) while on the floor in both groups |
MICS= 20 |
|
Bonacchi M et al. (2002), Italy |
RCT |
80 patients, eligible for AVR |
Inverted “L” or “C” ministernotomy |
NS |
NRS |
Intraoperative: not detailed, just described as the same in both groups |
2 |
FS = 40 |
Postoperative: morphine and ketorolac-tromethamine in both groups |
MICS = 40 |
|
Bucerius J et al. (2002), Germany |
QRCT |
190 patients, eligible for CABG |
MIDCAB-conv: left mini-thoracotomy |
NS |
VAS and VRS |
Intraoperative: propofol, sufentanyl, pancuronium, bromide, and sodium thiopental in both groups |
0 |
FS = 93 |
MIDCAB-endo: left mini-thoracotomy with endoscopic LITA removal using the da Vinci surgical system |
Postoperative: morphine-like analgesics upon demand in both groups |
MICS: |
|
|
MIDCAB-conv. = 73 |
|
|
MIDCAB-endo. = 24 |
|
|
Calderon J et al. (2009), France |
RCT |
78 patients, eligible for AVR |
Inverted “L” ministernotomy |
≤ ASA 3 |
VAS |
Intraoperative: propofol, remifentanil, and cisatracurium in both groups |
2 |
FS = 39 |
Postoperative: 1 g of paracetamol intravenously every 6 hours and patient controlled analgesia with morphine infusion during the 2 planned days of stay in the intensive care unit in both groups. Ketoprofen, 50 mg every 8 hours was infused if morphine and paracetamol were not enough |
MICS = 39 |
|
Rogers CA, et al. (2013), Italy |
RCT |
184 patients, eligible for CABG without CPB |
Left mini-thoracotomy |
Low and medium risk by EuroSCORE |
VAS or VRS for patients unable to use VAS |
Intraoperative: NS |
3 |
FS = 93 |
Postoperative: at MICS, a paravertebral block was performed through a catheter with an infusion of 0.125% bupivacaine, 5-10 mL/h, plus a bolus through the catheter and intercostal injections of bupivacaine before chest closure. In case of failure, new blocks, ketorolac/diclofenac, morphine, or ketamine were administered. There were no specifications for FS |
MICS = 91 |
|
Gulielmos V et al. (1999), Germany |
RCT |
36 patients, eligible for CABG |
Left mini-thoracotomy |
NS |
VAS and PBRS |
Intraoperative: enflurane, fentanyl, and vecuronium in both groups |
1 |
FS = 19 |
Postoperative: NS |
MICS = 17 |
|
Dogan S et al. (2003), Germany |
RCT |
40 patients, eligible for AVR |
Inverted “L” ministernotomy |
NS |
VAS |
Anesthetic regimen not detailed, just described as the same in both groups |
1 |
FS = 20 |
MICS = 20 |
Fareed S et al. (2018), Egypt |
RCT |
60 patients, eligible for AVR |
“J” ministernotomy |
NS |
VAS |
Anesthetic regimen not detailed, just described as the same in both groups |
1 |
FS = 30 |
MICS = 30 |
Speziale G et al. (2011), Italy |
RCT |
140 patients, eligible for MVRr |
Right mini-thoracotomy |
NS |
VAS |
Intraoperative: NS |
3 |
FS = 70 |
Postoperative: ketorolac 30 mg and indomethacin 50 mg in both groups |
MICS = 70 |
|
Lichtenberg A et al. (2000), Germany |
NRCT |
30 patients, eligible for CABG |
Left mini-thoracotomy |
NS |
NRS |
Intraoperative: etomidate, fentanyl, pancuronium bromide, and sodium thiopental |
0 |
FS = 15 |
Postoperative: NS |
MICS = 15 |
|
Gulielmos V et al. (1999), Germany |
NRCT |
122 patients, eligible for CABG |
Left mini-thoracotomy |
NS |
VAS |
Anesthetic regimen not detailed, just described as the same in both groups |
0 |
FS = 53 |
MICS = 69 |
Guizilini S, et al. (2010), Brazil |
NRCT |
18 patients, eligible for CABG |
Ministernotomy in the lower portion of the sternum |
NS |
VAS |
Intraoperative: NS |
0 |
FS = 10 |
Postoperative: tramadol 100 mg four times/day in both groups |
MICS = 8 |
|
Walther T et al. (1999), Germany |
NRCT |
338 patients, eligible for CABG (160); MVRt or MVRr (58); and AVR (120) |
CABG: |
NS |
VAS |
NS |
0 |
CABG: |
left mini-thoracotomy |
FS = 65 |
MVRr or MVRt: |
MICS = 95 |
right mini-thoracotomy AVR: |
MVRr or MVRt: |
ministernotomy |
FS = 30 |
|
MICS = 28 |
|
AVR: |
|
FS = 84 |
|
MICS = 36 |
|