Borges et al.[37], 2016 |
Active and assisted exercises and progressive walking + active cycle ergometer |
“As much as possible” |
ICU: twice daily |
1st and 2nd POD: 10 minutes |
Time |
Ward: once daily |
From the 3rd POD: 20 minutes |
Cacau et al.[7], 2013 |
Metabolic exercises and mobilization using virtual reality |
NR |
NR |
NR |
Progressive METs |
Herdy et al.[31], 2008 |
Progressive exercises (passive, walking, and climbing stairs) |
NR |
Once daily |
NR |
2-4 METs |
Hirschhorn et al.[18], 2007 |
1st POD: marching on the spot (3 × 1 minute) and sitting out of bed |
Borg: 3 a 4/10 |
Twice daily |
Variable, depending on the patient’s condition |
Increased walking distance and time |
2nd POD: assisted walking (300 meters in the morning and 5 minutes in the afternoon) |
3rd POD: assisted walking (at least 5 minutes in the morning and afternoon) |
4th POD until discharge: supervised walking with increments of 2.5 minutes, as tolerated, up to 10 minutes |
Hojskov et al.[19], 2019 |
1st to 7th POD: walking, shoulder and neck mobilization, and cycle ergometer |
NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
Gama Lordello et al.[9], 2020 |
Cycle ergometer of upper and lower limbs. After drain removal, progressive activity for orthostatism, sitting on the chair, and walking in the ICU corridor |
NR |
Twice daily |
10 minutes |
NR |
Mendes et al.[35], 2010 |
Active-assisted exercises |
Exercise HR = HR rest + 20 bpm |
Once daily |
NR |
2 to 4 METs |
STEP 1: 5 × 10 repetitions in Fowler’s position |
STEP 2: 2 × 15 repetitions in sitting position |
STEP 3: 3 × 15 repetitions in sitting position |
STEP 4: 3 × 15 repetitions in sitting position + 10 minutes of walking |
STEP 5: 3 × 15 repetitions in orthostatism + 10 minutes of walking + climbing 4 floor of stairs |
Pantoni et al.[14], 2016 |
CPAP (10-12 cmH2O) during exercises |
Exercise HR = HR rest + 20 bpm |
Twice daily |
NR |
2 to 4 METs |
1st POD: upper and lower extremity exercises |
3rd POD: active exercises and 5 minutes of walking |
4th POD: active exercises and 10 minutes of walking |
5th POD: 10 minutes of walking and stair training |
Silva et al.[15], 2017 |
Sitting out of bed at 1st POD, active exercises, and progressive walking |
NR |
NR |
30 minutes |
NR |
Stein et al.[16], 2009 |
1st POD: hip and knee flexion (2 × 15 repetitions), upper limbs active exercises (flexion and abduction up 90° - 2 × 10 repetitions), knees and wrist flexion and extension (3 minutes each) |
NR |
NR |
NR |
Walked distance |
2nd POD: marching on the spot after mediastinal drain removal (3 × 1 to 3 minutes) |
3rd POD: walking - 100 to 200 meters |
4th POD: walking - 200 to 300 meters |
5th POD: walking - 300 to 400 meters and climbing 15 steps |
6th POD: walking - 500 to 600 meters and climbing 15 steps |
Tariq et al.[17], 2017 |
Immediate postoperative period: sitting on the edge of bed (assisted by the physiotherapist) for 5 minutes. Orthostatism (1-2 minutes), marching on the spot (10 steps), and sitting on the chair (90 minutes) |
NR |
NR |
NR |
≤ 3 METs |
Ximenes et al.[2], 2015 |
Resistance exercises and progressive walking |
Borg (does not specify value) |
ICU: twice daily Ward: once daily |
30 minutes |
Positioning (45° on bed, sitting on the edge of bed and orthostatism) |
Windmoller et al.[23], 2020 |
Cycle ergometer with CPAP (10 cmH2O) (once daily, from 2nd to 4th POD) + exercises: |
Resting HR + 30 bpm |
Twice daily |
20 to 30 minutes |
2-6 METs |
STEP 1: supine - active exercises |
STEP 2: sitting - active exercises |
STEP 3: orthostatism - passive stretching of lower limbs and walking (35 to 60 meters) |
STEP 4: orthostatism - passive stretching of lower limbs and active stretching of upper limbs, walking (60 to 100 meters), and climbing 1 floor of stairs |
STEP 5: orthostatism - active stretching of upper and lower limbs, active exercises, walking (100 to 150 meters), and climbing up/down 1 floor of stairs |
STEP 6: orthostatism - active stretching of upper and lower limbs, active exercises, walking (150 to 200 meters), and climbing up/down 2 floors of stairs |
STEP 7: orthostatism - active stretching of upper and lower limbs, active exercises, walking (> 200 meters), and climbing up/down 3 floors of stairs |
Zanini et al.[22],2019 |
Group 1: active exercises (shoulders, hips, knees, and ankle flexions), IMT, progressive walking, and conventional therapy |
Borg: 11/20 |
Twice daily |
NR |
Active mobilization: series and repetition Walking: distance |
Group 2: active exercises (shoulders, hips, knees, and ankle flexions), progressive walking, and conventional therapy |
Group 3: IMT and conventional therapy |