Reaction of signal grass (<i>Urochloa</i> spp.) cultivars to <i>Pyricularia</i> species associated with blast disease

Krug, Loane D.; Moreira, Suellen de S.; Vicentini, Samara N. C.; Nunes, Tiago C.; Gonçalves, Lucas M. de D. P.; Castroagudín, Vanina L.; Barrios, Sanzio C. L.; Ceresini, Paulo C.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252024v3712127rc

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Scientific Article • Rev. Caatinga 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252024v3712127rc linkcopy

Reaction of signal grass (Urochloa spp.) cultivars to Pyricularia species associated with blast disease

Reação de cultivares de braquiária (Urochloa spp.) à espécies de Pyricularia associadas à brusone

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Fungi of the genus Pyricularia have a wide range of host plants and are capable of infecting more than 50 species of grasses, causing the blast disease, with damage to the ears. Species of the forage signal grass (Urochloa spp.) can be hosts of this genus of fungus and can be an important source of inoculum of the pathogen for other agricultural crops affected by blast, especially wheat. The objective of this study was to determine the reaction of nine cultivars of Urochloa to the pathogens Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl), P. pennisetigena, P. urashimae, and P. grisea. The virulence of seven races of PoTl to signal grass cultivars was also evaluated. There was variation in the pathogenicity and virulence of Pyricularia species and PoTl races in different signal grass cultivars. The cultivars Ipyporã, BRS Tupi, and Xaraés were the most resistant to the different blast pathogen species and PoTl races. Therefore, it is recommended to cultivate these varieties in areas adjacent to wheat or in crop-livestock integration.

Keywords Pyricularia grisea; Pyricularia pennisetigena; Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage; Pyricularia urashimae; Varietal resistance.

Species, isolate	Host	Virulence group^a (Race)	State
Pyricularia oryzae Triticum Lineage (PoTl): N = 13
12.0.007i	Signal grass (Urochloa brizantha)	A	PR
12.0.012i	Signal grass	A	PR
12.1.026	Wheat (Triticum aestivum)	A	DF/GO
12.1.003	Wheat	A	MG
12.1.037	Wheat	B	DF/GO
12.1.016	Wheat	B	MG
12.1.077	Wheat	C	MG
12.1.195	Wheat	C	RS
12.1.058	Wheat	D	DF/GO
12.1.187	Wheat	D	RS
12.0.535i	Southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus)	AA	PR
12.0.147	Signal grass	CC	MS
12.0.016	Weeping finger grass (Chioris distichophylla)	DD	MS
Pyricularia pennisetigena (Pp): N = 2
12.0.324	Southern sandbur (C. echinatus)	n.d.	MS
12.0.358	Green panic grass (Panicum maximum)	n.d.	MS
Pyricularia urashimae (Pu): N = 2
12.0.212	Green panic grass (P. maximum)	n.d.	MS
12.0.595i	Weeping finger grass (C. distichophylla)	n.d.	PR
Pyricularia grisea (Pg): N = 2
12.0.264	Crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis)	n.d.	MS
13.0.002i	Crabgrass (D. sanguinalis)	n.d.	PR

Percentage of infected leaf area	Disease severity index^* * Disease severity index determined using the diagrammatic scale from the International Network for Genetic Evaluation of Rice (1996), adapted for Brachiaria.	Reaction of cultivars
0%	0	Resistant
0.1 to 4%	1	Resistant
4.1 to 10%	2	Susceptible
10.1 to 25%	3	Susceptible
25.1 to 50%	4	Susceptible
50.1 to 100%	5	Susceptible

Source of variation	Df	MS	F Statistics	P
Block	9	16.13	1.87	0.0525^ns
Pyricularia Species^* * As there was no significant effect of the interactions between experiment replicates and the species or cultivar factors, the two experiments with N = 5 repetitions each were combined for joint analysis of the experiments.	3	78.93	9.14	0.000^* ** significant differences at 1% by the F test.*
Cultivar^* * As there was no significant effect of the interactions between experiment replicates and the species or cultivar factors, the two experiments with N = 5 repetitions each were combined for joint analysis of the experiments.	8	280.60	32.49	0.000^* ** significant differences at 1% by the F test.*
Species ^* * As there was no significant effect of the interactions between experiment replicates and the species or cultivar factors, the two experiments with N = 5 repetitions each were combined for joint analysis of the experiments. Cultivar	24	31.92	3.70	0.000^* ** significant differences at 1% by the F test.*
Error	1755	8.64

Pyricularia species and disease severity index (% of affected leaf area)
				Varieties of Urochloa spp.
Basilisk	Humidicola	BRS Ipyporã	Marandu	BRS Paiaguás	BRS Piatã	Ruziziensis	BRS Tupi	Xaraés	Mean ^ Mean of Urochloa cultivars per Pyricularia species (± standard deviation). (± standard deviation)
			Pyricularia oryzae Triticum lineage (PoTl), N=13
1.578 cB	1.648 cB	0.686 dA	1.732 cB	2.910 bB	2.314 bA	4.022 aA	0.577 dA	0.404 dA	1.763 ± 1.115
				Pyricularia pennisetigena (Pp), N=2
3.656 bA	2.536 cB	0.627 cA	4.950 aA	5.747 a A	1.455 cA	3.715 bA	1.098 cA	0.000 cA	2.643 ± 1.885
				Pyricularia grísea (Pg), N=2
1.314 cB	5.743 aA	1.792 cA	2.261 cB	5.746 aA	0.565 cA	3.698 bA	1.102 cA	1.225 cA	2.605 ± 1.876
			Pyricularia urashimae (Pu), N=2
2.050 aA	1.589 aB	0.000 bA	1.347 aB	2.601 aB	2.498 aA	2.706 aA	0.954 bA	0.000 bA	1.527 ±0.988
			Average of Pyricularia species per cultivar (± standard deviation)
2.150 ±0.909	2.879 ± 1.696	0.776 ± 0.645	2.573 ±1.410	4.251 ± 1.499	1.708 ±0.768	3.535 ±0.496 0.933 ±0.214		0.500 ± 0.407

Source of variation	Df	MS	F Statistics	P
Block	9	8.35	1.47	0.154^ns
Pyricularia Species^* * Since there was no significant effect of the interactions between experiment replicates and race or cultivar factors, the two experiments with N = 5 repetitions each were combined for a joint analysis of the experiments.	7	80.99	14.25	0.000^ Significant differences at 1% by F test.
Cultivar^* * Since there was no significant effect of the interactions between experiment replicates and race or cultivar factors, the two experiments with N = 5 repetitions each were combined for a joint analysis of the experiments.	8	195.22	34.35	0.000^ Significant differences at 1% by F test.
Species ^* * Since there was no significant effect of the interactions between experiment replicates and race or cultivar factors, the two experiments with N = 5 repetitions each were combined for a joint analysis of the experiments. Cultivar	56	24.65	4.37	0.000^ Significant differences at 1% by F test.
Error	1179	5.68

Race	N^ Number of isolates of each race.	Basilisk	Humidicola	BRS Ipyporã	Marandu	Paiaguás	BRS Piatã	Ruziziensis	BRS Tupi	Xaraés	Total of resistance reactions (R)
A	4	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	9
B	2	R	R	R	R	R	R	S	R	R	8
C	2	R	R	R	R	S	R	S	R	R	7
D	2	R	R	R	R	S	S	R	R	R	7
AA	1	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	9
CC	1	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	9
DD	1	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	R	9
Total	1	7	7	7	7	5	6	5	7	7	-

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