AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF WHEAT CULTIVARS IN RESPONSE TO INOCULATION (<i>Azospirillum brasilense</i>) AND NITROGEN APPLICATION<sup/>

LUDWIG, RODRIGO LUIZ; MARTIN, THOMAS NEWTON; ROCKENBACH, DALVANE; GIACOMINI, SANDRO; VEY, ROSANA TASCHETTO

doi:10.1590/1983-21252022v35n407rc

Brasil

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Agronomy • Rev. Caatinga 35 (4) • Oct-Dec 2022 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252022v35n407rc linkcopy

AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF WHEAT CULTIVARS IN RESPONSE TO INOCULATION (Azospirillum brasilense) AND NITROGEN APPLICATION¹

DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO DE CULTIVARES DE TRIGO EM RESPOSTA À INOCULAÇÃO (Azospirillum brasilense) E APLICAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to verify the contribution of seed inoculation with the bacterium Azospirillum brasilense to promote growth on yield components in wheat crop. For this, experiments were carried out in different locations (Santa Maria and Cruz Alta, RS, Brazil), sowing times (June and July) and years of cultivation (2013 and 2014). A randomized block design with three replications was used. The treatments were composed by the combination of ten cultivars, three nitrogen managements and two types of inoculation (10 x 3 x 2). Inoculation was carried out with liquid inoculant in the seeds. The components of grain yield were evaluated. The average number of tillers per plant was influenced by seed inoculation (1.63 and 1.72) when uninoculated and inoculated, respectively. On the other hand, the hectoliter mass responded inversely, reducing to 75.7 kg hL^-1. Inoculation with A. brasilense increased the grain mass (1%) and had no positive influence on the variables number of ears and spikelets per ear, grain yield and hectoliter weight.

Keywords Inoculant; Biological nitrogen fixation; Grain yield; Triticum aestivum

Cultivar		Number of ears m^-2
		Nitrogen Doses (kg ha^-1)
	0	50	100
		Without inoculant
TBIO Itaipu	381.7 a B α^* * Means not followed by the same letter differ at 5% probability of error by the Scott-Knott test;	495.6 a A α^ Lowercase letters presented in the column represent the effect of cultivars within each level of N dose and inoculation. Capital letters presented in the line represent the interaction of N doses in each cultivar. Greek letters presented in the column represent the inoculation interaction within each cultivar level and N dose.	499.8 a A α
FUNDACEP Bravo	400.5 a B α	496.1 a A α	498.5 a A α
TBIO Pioneiro 2010	375.0 a B α	480.7 a A α	508.5 a A α
TEC Frontale	395.8 a B α	502.4 a A α	511.7 a A α
BRS 331	327.3 b C α	372.8 c B α	417.7 b A α
OR/ BIOTRIGO Quartzo	330.6 b C α	396.0 c B α	433.3 b A α
TEC 07-244	367.1 a C α	438.0 b B α	490.0 a A α
TEC 6219	354.7 b B α	420.4 b A α	440.7 b A α
TEC 10	378.6 a B α	413.8 b B α	488.0 a A α
BRS 327	320.0 b B α	366.8 c A β	392.4 c A β
Mean	363.1	438.3	468.1
		With inoculant
TBIO Itaipu	380.5 a C α	442.8 a B β	526.9 a A α
FUNDACEP Bravo	389.6 a B α	443.1 a A β	446.7 b A β
TBIO Pioneiro 2010	383.3 a C α	458.6 a B α	508.2 a A α
TEC Frontale	369.2 a C α	478.0 a B α	517.7 a A α
BRS 331	300.0 b B α	385.5 b A α	406.8 c A α
OR/ BIOTRIGO Quartzo	317.6 b B α	393.5 b A α	408.8 c A α
TEC 07-244	383.1 a B α	449.4 a A α	455.2 b A α
TEC 6219	362.5 a A α	388.6 b A α	382.9 c A β
TEC 10	360.0 a B α	413.8 b A α	431.3 b A β
BRS 327	337.3 b B α	407.5 b A α	443.2 b A α
Mean	358.3	426.1	452.8
CV (%)	5.24

		Number of spikelets per ear
Cultivar		Nitrogen Doses (kg ha^-1)
	0	50	100
TBIO Itaipu	13.3 c B^* * Means not followed by the same letter differ at 5% probability of error by the Scott-Knott test;	14.5 c A^ Lowercase letters presented in the column represent the effect of cultivars within each N dose level. Capital letters presented in the row represent the interaction of N doses in each cultivar.	14.7 b A
FUNDACEP Bravo	12.8 d B	14.0 d A	14.1 c A
TBIO Pioneiro 2010	13.9 b B	14.8 b A	14.8 b A
TEC Frontale	13.8 b B	14.0 d B	14.4 b A
BRS 331	14.1 a B	15.3 a A	15.2 a A
OR/ BIOTRIGO Quartzo	14.2 a B	15.1 a A	15.3 a A
TEC 07-244	13.1 c C	14.2 d B	14.6 b A
TEC 6219	13.7 b B	14.3 c A	14.4 b A
TEC 10	13.1 c B	13.8 d A	14.0 c A
BRS 327	13.8 b B	14.4 c A	14.6 b A
Mean	13.6	14.4	14.6
CV (%)	2.16

Cultivar		Grain yield (kg ha^-1)
		Nitrogen Doses (kg ha^-1)
	0	50	100
TBIO Itaipu	2433.8 a C^* * Means not followed by the same letter differ at 5% probability of error by the Scott-Knott test;	3211.6 a B^ Lowercase letters presented in the column represent the effect of cultivars within each N dose level. Capital letters presented in the row represent the interaction of N doses in each cultivar.	3616.5 a A
FUNDACEP Bravo	2230.3 b B	2749.0 c A	2789.6 d A
TBIO Pioneiro 2010	2208.7 b C	2926.8 b B	3182.3 c A
TEC Frontale	2240.2 b C	2889.3 b B	3188.7 c A
BRS 331	1897.7 c C	2630.0 c B	3089.2 c A
OR/ BIOTRIGO Quartzo	2339.8 a C	3192.9 a B	3666.0 a A
TEC 07-244	2322.7 a C	3026.1 b B	3337.7 b A
TEC 6219	2509.4 a C	3297.8 a B	3538.3 a A
TEC 10	2379.7 a B	2941.4 b A	3090.0 c A
BRS 327	2352.5 a C	3225.6 a B	3485.5 b A
Mean	2291.5	3009	3298.4
Inoculant	Without inoculant	With inoculant	Mean
Inoculant	2906.4 A	2826.2 B	2866.3
CV (%)	5.28

		Hectoliter mass (kg hL^-1)
Cultivar		Nitrogen Doses (kg ha^-1)
	0	50	100
TBIO Itaipu	74.2 d A^* * Means not followed by the same letter differ at 5% probability of error by the Scott-Knott test;	73.9 d A^ Lowercase letters presented in the column represent the effect of cultivars within each N dose level. Capital letters presented in the row represent the interaction of N doses in each cultivar.	74.2 c A
FUNDACEP Bravo	74.2 d A	73.0 e B	72.9 e B
TBIO Pioneiro 2010	75.9 b A	76.1 b A	75.2 b B
TEC Frontale	76.1 b A	76.1 b A	75.4 b B
BRS 331	74.7 c A	73.8 d B	73.6 d B
OR/ BIOTRIGO Quartzo	74.8 c A	74.5 c A	74.5 c A
TEC 07-244	74.7 c A	74.8 c A	74.7 b A
TEC 6219	76.6 a A	76.9 a A	76.2 a A
TEC 10	73.9 d A	73.7 d A	73.2 e A
BRS 327	76.7 a A	76.5 a A	75.8 a B
Mean	75.2	74.9	74.6
CV (%)	0.65

	Mass of 1000 grains (g)
	Nitrogen doses (kg ha^-1)
0	50	100	Mean
31.3 A^* * Means not followed by the same letter differ at 5% probability of error by the Scott-Knott test.	31.1 B^**	30.8 C	31.1
Without	Inoculant With	Mean
30.9 B	31.2 A	31.1
Cultivar
TBIO Itaipu FUNDACEP Bravo TBIO Pioneiro 2010 TEC Frontale BRS 331 OR/ BIOTRIGO Quartzo TEC 07-244 TEC 6219 TEC 10 BRS 327	31.7 d 26.9 h 29.5 g 26.5 h 31.1 e 33.5 b 30.3 f 32.1 c 30.9 e 38.1 a
Mean	31.1
CV (%)	1.97

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[TFN1] ^*
Means not followed by the same letter differ at 5% probability of error by the Scott-Knott test;

[TFN2] ^**
Lowercase letters presented in the column represent the effect of cultivars within each level of N dose and inoculation. Capital letters presented in the line represent the interaction of N doses in each cultivar. Greek letters presented in the column represent the inoculation interaction within each cultivar level and N dose.

AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF WHEAT CULTIVARS IN RESPONSE TO INOCULATION (Azospirillum brasilense) AND NITROGEN APPLICATION1

DESEMPENHO AGRONÔMICO DE CULTIVARES DE TRIGO EM RESPOSTA À INOCULAÇÃO (Azospirillum brasilense) E APLICAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO

ABSTRACT

AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF WHEAT CULTIVARS IN RESPONSE TO INOCULATION (Azospirillum brasilense) AND NITROGEN APPLICATION¹