Eficiência produtiva e econômica de beterraba adubada com flor-de-seda em ambiente semiárido

Freitas, Erivan A. da S.; Bezerra Neto, Francisco; Lima, Jailma S. S. de; Lino, Francisca K. K. da S.; Silva, Gerlani A. da; Guerra, Natan M.; Lino, Vitor A. da S.; Desravines, Rose P.

doi:10.1590/1983-21252024v3712349rc

Brasil

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Scientific Article • Rev. Caatinga 37 • 2024 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252024v3712349rc linkcopiar

Eficiência produtiva e econômica de beterraba adubada com flor-de-seda em ambiente semiárido

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

A utilização de espécies espontâneas do semiárido nordestino pode ser uma alternativa viável na prática da adubação em hortaliças tuberosas. Portanto, o objetivo desse trabalho, foi avaliar as máximas eficiências físicas e econômicas das características agroeconômicas da beterraba em monocultivo, em função de diferentes quantidades de biomassa de flor-de-seda (C. procera) em dois cultivos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram das quantidades de biomassa de flor-de-seda: 16, 29, 42, 55 e 68 t ha^-1 em base seca, incorporadas ao solo. Em cada bloco dos experimentos foram adicionados dois tratamentos adicionais, um sem adubação (tratamento controle) e outro com adubação mineral, para fins de comparação com o tratamento de máxima eficiência física ou econômica. A cultivar de beterraba plantada foi a Early Wonder. A adubação da beterraba para obtenção da máxima eficiência produtiva otimizada (36,14 t ha^-1) foi possível com a incorporação ao solo de 61,29 t ha^-1 de biomassa seca de C. procera. A máxima eficiência agroeconômica otimizada (baseada na renda líquida de 68.740,15 R$ ha^-1) do cultivo da beterraba foi obtida com a quantidade de 58,68 t ha^-1 de biomassa seca de C. procera adicionada ao solo. A taxa de retorno obtida foi de R$ 2,91 para cada real investido e a margem de lucro foi de 74,93%.

Palavras-chave Beta vulgaris; Calotropis procera; Monocultivo; Adubação verde; Otimização agroeconômica

Cultivation	Minimum	Temperature (°C) Mean	Maximum	Relative humidity (%)	Solar radiation (MJ m^-2)	Wind speed (m s^-1)
2021	23.32	29.90	36.48	67.60	274.80	2.80
2022	22.53	29.38	36.23	62.87	256.41	1.71

Cultivation	C	OM	PH	CE	P	K⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺·	Na⁺ Cu Fe	Mn	Zn	B
Cultivation	g kg^-1		(H₂O)	dS m^-1	mg dm^-3			-	mmol_c dm^-3	-
2021	7.92	12.97	6.60	0.56	32.00	2.59	23.70	6.50	2.30 0.30 4.80	6.10	2.70	0.50
2022	7.20	12.41	7.10	0.19	7.00	1.16	20.10	6.10	0.43 0.20 6.80	12.70	1.70	0.48

Treatments (tha¹)	(VC) BRL ha^-1					(FC) BRL ha^-1			- (OC) BRL ha^-1 -
Treatments (tha¹)	I	L	E	OE	MC	D	TF	FHL	LR	RFC	TC (BRL ha^-1)
0	2520.00	3180.00	29.89	57.30	445.83	1864.73	10.00	1100.00	100.00	896.43	10,204.20
16	2520.00	6610.00	94.41	92.24	544.33	1866.19	10.00	1100.00	100.00	1014.63	13,951.81
29	2520.00	9480.00	151.26	121.51	544.33	1872.97	10.00	1100.00	100.00	1014.63	16,914.70
42	2520.00	12,220.00	208.11	149.48	544.33	1872.97	10.00	1100.00	100.00	1014.63	19,739.51
55	2520.00	15,090.00	264.96	178.75	544.33	1872.97	10.00	1100.00	100.00	1014.63	22,695.63
68	2520.00	17,830.00	321.81	206.72	544.33	1872.97	10.00	1100.00	100.00	1014.63	25,520.45
MF	11,503.32	3180.00	29.89	147.13	445.83	1864.73	10.00	1100.00	100.00	896.43	19,277.35

			Cultivation			Cultivation
	2021		2022	2021-2022	2021	2022	2021-2022
Comparison betweenmean values	(S1)		(S2)	(S1/S2)	(S1)	(S2)	(S1/S2)
		Plant height (cm)			Number of leaves per plant
Control treatment mean, T_c	26.08dA	20.67dB		23.37	7.07bA	6.09bB^{^* * Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and uppercase in the row do not differ statistically by the F-test at the 5% probability level.}	6.58
MPE value	39.10aA	40.53aA		39.34⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	9.02aA	7.35aB	8.20⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Green manured treatment mean, T_gm	37.39bA	34.97bB		36.18⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	8.30aA	7.02aB	7.66⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Mineral treatment mean, T_mf	30.53cA	26.26cB		28.40⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	7.33bA	6.59bB	6.96⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
CV (%)	3.62	2.80		3.36	7.78	3.22	6.29
		Dry shoot mass (t ha^-1)			Dry root mass (t ha^-1)
Control treatment mean, T_c	1.11cA	0.77dB		0.94	1.42cA	1.23dA	1.33
MPE value	2.14aB	2.29aA		2.18⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	3.85aB	5.21aA	4.52⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Green manured treatment mean, T_gm	1.90bA	1.70bB		1.80⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	3.11aB	3.96bA	3.54⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Mineral treatment mean, T_mf	1.19cB	1.44cA		1.32⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	2.43bA	2.28cB	2.36⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
CV (%)	7.31	13.67		8.56	16.64	17.06	16.96

Comparison between mean values	Cultivation			Cultivation
	2021 (SI)	2022 (S2)	2021-2022 (S1/S2)	2021 (S1)	2022 (S2)	2021-2022 (S1/S2)
	Total pr	oductivity of root	s (t ha^-1)	Commercia	l productivity of r	roots (t ha^-1)
Control treatment mean, T_c	10.01dA	9.70dA	9.86	7.58dA	6.12dA	6.85
MPE value	30.62aB	46.84aA	37.38⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	29.98aB	44.27aA	36.44⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Green manured treatment mean, T_gm	26.43bB	35.48bA	30.96⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	25.27bB	31.34b A	28.31⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Mineral treatment mean, T_mf	21.19cB	24.09cA	22.64⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	19.44cA	20.68cA	20.06⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
CV (%)	7.36	5.71	6.33	7.05	4.67	5.68
	Productivity of large + extra AA roots (t ha^-1)			Productivity of extra A roots (t ha^-1)
Control treatment mean, T_c	2.10dA	1.41dA	1.76	2.51bA	1.68cB	2.10
MPE value	22.13aB	35.95aA	28.17⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	5.44aA	3.42bB	4.39⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Green manured treatment mean, T_gm	17.13bB	24.02bA	20.58⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	5.26a A	3.22bB	4.24⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Mineral treatment mean, T_mf	7.76cB	10.31cA	9.04⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	5.66aA	4.46aB	5.06⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
CV (%)	8.53	6.65	6.99	11.25	18.12	13.73
	Productivity of extra roots (t ha^-1)			Productivity of scrap roots (t ha^-1)
Control treatment mean, T_c	2.96bA	3.03cA^* * Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and uppercase letter in the row do not differ statistically by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	3.00	2.43aB	3.58aA	3.01
MPE value	2.94bB	4.23bA	3.58⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	2.00aB	3.74aA	2.88
Green manured treatment mean, T_gm	2.88bB	4.09bA	3.49⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	1.12aB	3.25bA	2.18⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Mineral treatment mean, T_mf	6.02aA	5.91aA	11.93⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	1.75aB	3.02bA	2.39⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
CV (%)	16.17	15.80	16.06	35.32	20.51	25.35

		Cultivation			Cultivation
Comparison between mean values	2021	2022	2021-2022	2021	2022	2021-2022
	(E1)	(E2)	(E1/E2)	(E1)	(E2)	(E1/E2)
----------- Gross Income (RS ha^-1) ----------- ----------- Net Income (RS ha^-1) -----------
Control treatment mean, T_c	19,619.97dA	15,840.44dB^{^* * Means followed by the same lowercase letter in the column and uppercase in the row do not differ statistically by the F-test at the 5% probability level.}	17,730.00	9415.00dA	5636.00dB	7525.50
MEE value	78,271.77aB	111,343.61aA	92,702.39⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	55,561.73aB	86,214.76aA	68740.15⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Green manured treatment mean, T_gm	65,457.62bB	81,175.78bA	73,316.70⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	45,693.20bB	61,411.36bA	53552.28⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Mineral treatment mean, T_mf	50,357.75cA	53,550.84cA	51,954.50⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	31,080.00cA	34,273.00cA	32676.5⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
CV (%)	5.08	2.37	4.13	7.29	3.27	5.85
Rate of return Profit margin (%)
Control treatment mean, T_c	1.92dA	1.55dB	1.74	47.92dA	34.97dB	41.45
MEE value	3.65aB	4.57aA	4.04⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	72.73aB	78.58aA	74.93⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Green manured treatment mean, T_gm	3.35bB	4.02bA	3.68⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	69.74bB	74.75bA	72.25⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
Mineral treatment mean, T_mf	2.61cA	2.78cA	5.39⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.	61.62cA	63.96cA	62.79⁺ + Mean of green manure treatments, MPE or mineral treatment is significantly different from the control treatment mean by the F-test at the 5% probability level.
CV (%)	4.75	3.00	4.09	2.73	2.24	3.62

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