Indicaciones de normas de conocimiento de enfermería comunicadas por la prensa brasileña antes del modelo de Florence Nightingale

Brandão, Ana Paula da Costa Lacerda; Peres, Maria Angélica de Almeida; Aperibense, Pacita Geovana Gama de Sousa; Lopes, Rafael Oliveira Pitta; Santos, Jéssica de Castro; Brandão, Marcos Antônio Gomes

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0790

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (suppl 5) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0790 linkcopiar

Indicaciones de normas de conocimiento de enfermería comunicadas por la prensa brasileña antes del modelo de Florence Nightingale

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivo: identificar evidencia de los estándares de conocimiento de enfermería difundidos por la prensa brasileña antes de la implementación del modelo nocturno en Brasil y categorizar temas en artículos de noticias de acuerdo com los estándares de conocimiento de Carper y White.

Métodos: elanálisisdelcontenido categórico de artículos alusivos a Florence Nightingale, publicados en Brasil entre 1850 y 1919, recopilados enla Hemeroteca Digital. Cuatro analistas identificaron evidencia temática de los artículos, classificando los de acuerdoconlosestándares de conocimiento.

Resultados: predominaba la evidencia del patrón sociopolítico seguido del empírico. Em las análisis por década, los estándares éticos y estéticos mostraron predominio entre 1860 y 1870, respectivamente.

Conclusión: la clasificación de White según los estándares de conocimiento de enfermeira fue útil para compreender los temas precursores del conocimiento professional / disciplinario, que se extendió en Brasil, vinculado al carácter de Nightingale, además de las repercusiones de sus acciones y suvisión sociopolítica más amplia.

Descriptores: Conocimiento; Comunicación; Enfermería; Filosofía; Historia

Pattern of knowing	Theme/Subject
Sociopolitical	Honors and tributes received by Nightingale; Projection and international prestige of uniqueness in caringfor the sick and wounded; Prestige with the authorities and population of the British Empire; Strategic actions to gain support for their work and give visibility to it (financial donations received to create the School of Nurses and donations of their writings to the Emperor of Brazil); Character model and action for women; Triggering influences of Nightingale's mission; Influential figure in the creation of the Red Cross; Social political engagement in humanitarian defense of prostitutes (Ladies National Association for the Repealof the Contagious Diseases Acts); Social position assumed according to its origin and cognitive skills; Leadership in the education of nurses; Primacy in systematic instruction education for nurses; Notes on death; Not acceptance of the creation of protestant service by some Catholic priests, who questioned the actions and services of non-charitable nurses, saying that the sisters of charity for their celibacy and vow of chastity would more masterfully perform the functions in the field of works of mercy; Sociopolitical action against the exploitation of Indian farmers; Defense of the cause of workers for better wages.
Empiric	Technical and scientific opinions and recommendations for the construction of fixed and temporary hospitals; Report to be submitted to the British parliament on the state of the British army in India, which points to a precise opinion by Nightingale on administration errors; Description of recommendations for military installations, emphasizing sanitary measures to reduce mortality; Composition of the nursing service; Mention of Nightingale's position in the training of nurses and foundation of Training School for Nurses-Saint Thomas Hospital; Reproduction of how to deal with babies and children (behaviors, hygiene care, food, hydration, relationship with parents, and affection) and with the environment; Measures of organization of laundry in temporary hospitals; Measures of organization of the hospital kitchen; Defense of the need for a hygienic and food treatment for tuberculosis, mentioned Nightingale's hygienic self-treatment consisting of field free air and good food; Recommendations to care for the sick.
Ethical	Nightingale's moral nature; Behaviors and decision-making by Nightingale; Responsibility and care for their patients; Sense of justice for all classes.
Personal	Nightingale's self-appreciation of her person, inclinations and weaknesses; Nightingale's quest to satisfy her intellectual need, which led to her choice to give up marriage; Nightingale's recognition that her work was greater than her individual aspirations; Description of her scientific, intellectual and moral nature.
Aesthetic	Philanthropy; Demonstration of dedication to work; Dealing with those most in need; Empathy; Solidarity; Collaboration; Charity/love for others.

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Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
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