Risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome

Oliveira, Aghata Marina de Faria; Andrade, Paula Rosenberg de; Pinheiro, Eliana Moreira; Avelar, Ariane Ferreira Machado; Costa, Priscila; Belela-Anacleto, Aline Santa Cruz

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0458

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (2) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0458 linkcopy

Risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome

Factores de riesgo y de protección para la síndrome de la muerte súbita del lactante

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To verify the occurrence of the risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome during nursing consultation.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study conducted based on medical records from a primary care unit in the municipality of São Paulo. The sample consisted of 63 infants assisted from January to December 2016.

Results: The average age of infants was 3.2 months. The main risk factors identified were the presence of soft objects in the crib (93.6%) and bed sharing (58.7%). Predominant protective factors were breastfeeding (95.2%) followed by updated immunization (90.5%).

Conclusions: Risk and protective factors for sudden infant death syndrome were identified in the study sample, indicating the importance of addressing the issue with families of children under 1 year of age to prevent the occurrence of such events.

Descriptors: Sudden Infant Death; Risk Factors; Office Nursing; Pediatric Nursing; Child Care; Sleep

Sociodemographic characteristics	n	%
Infants
Males	33	52.3
Maternal education
Primary school
Complete	8	12.7
Incomplete	8	12.7
Secondary education
Complete	21	33.3
Incomplete	20	31.7
Incomplete higher education	3	4.8
No information provided	3	4.8
Family income
<minimum wage	5	7.9
≥ minimum wage <2 minimum wages	14	22.2
≥ 2 minimum wages < 3 minimum wages	19	30.1
≥ 3 minimum wages < 4 minimum wages	11	17.5
≥ 4 minimum wages	3	4.8
No information provided	11	17.5
Marital status of the child's parents
Live together (married or stable union)	51	80.9
Single	7	11.1
Separated or divorced	3	4.8
No information provided	2	3.17

	n	%
Protective factors
Breastfeeding	60	95.2
Updated Immunization	57	90.5
Pacifier use	35	55.5
Risk factors
Soft objects in the crib	59	93.6
Bed Sharing	37	58.7
Parental Smoking	17	27.0
Low maternal education	16	25.4
Maternal age under 20 years	15	23.8
Prone sleeping position	14	22.2
Single parent family	10	15.9
Family income <1 minimum wage	5	7.9

Sociodemographic characteristics of risk	Risk factor for SIDS		p value
Sociodemographic characteristics of risk	Yes (n = 64)	No (n = 5)	p value
Mother's age <20 years	5 (83.3%)	1 (16.7%)	0.40
Single parent family	10 (100%)	- (0%)	0.39
low schooling	15 (93.7%)	1 (6.3%)	0.48
Males	29 (90.6%)	3(9.4%)	0.31
Family income <1 minimum wage	5 (100%)	-	0.65

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