Formación y autonomía profesional de docentes de enfermería en la titulación de educación superior en enfermería

Menezes, Kátia Rodrigues; Novaes, Maria Rita Carvalho Garbi

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0543

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (5) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0543 linkcopiar

Formación y autonomía profesional de docentes de enfermería en la titulación de educación superior en enfermería

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos: identificar aspectos relacionados con la formación profesional y la autonomía de los docentes universitarios de enfermería de una institución pública en Brasilia, Distrito Federal, para contribuir a la gestión y calificación del curso.

Métodos: investigación de método mixto realizada con 77 docentes. Se aplicó un cuestionario semiestructurado, donde los ítems cuantitativos se evaluaron mediante las pruebas paramétricas T de Student y ANOVA (p<0.05%). La parte cualitativa se sometió a análisis de contenido con el uso del software IRAMUTEQ y clasificación jerárquica descendente.

Resultados: con la formación enfocada principalmente (67.5%) en su área inicial de experiencia, los profesionales expresaron promedios bajos y moderados en factores relacionados con la autonomía. En el análisis cualitativo surgieron dos categorías: “Identificar la autonomía del docente” y “Aplicar la autonomía del docente”.

Conclusiones: comprender el significado y el grado de autonomía percibido por los docentes puede fomentar la reflexión de la praxis y mejorar su desempeño.

Descriptores: Autonomía Profesional; Docentes de Enfermería; Educación Superior; Educación en Enfermería; Enfermería

Variables	N	%
Sex
Male	17	22.1
Female	60	77.9
Age range^† † years; TD - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.
< 35	16	20.8
35 - 44	27	35.1
> 45	25	32.5
Not available	9	11.7
Training area
Nursing	75	97.4
Psychology	1	1.3
Physiotherapy	1	1.3
Postgraduate studies
Master's/PhD (Lato sensu)	37	48.1
Specialization (Stricto sensu)	40	51.9
Total time of teaching experience^† † years; TD - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.
Up to 3	21	27.3
4 - 9	27	35.1
< 10	28	36.4
Not available	1	1.3
Time of experience^† † years; TD - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.
Up to 4	39	50.6
> 5	38	49.4
Educational Program where teacher works
TD	21	27.3
NPS and CCI	43	55.8
Not available	13	16.9
Role performed
Teacher	68	88.3
Management	9	11.7
Total	77	100.0

Factors	n	Mean	Median	Standard deviation	Minimum	Maximum	p value^* * p-value of the Kolmogorov Smirnov normality test.
Autonomy in the formation of classes	77	1.95	1.80	0.76	1.00	4.20	0.121
Autonomy in subject teaching	76	3.44	3.50	1.19	1.00	6.00	0.062
Autonomy in professional training	76	3.59	3.60	1.40	1.00	6.00	0.092
Autonomy in teaching and assessment of school performance	77	3.03	3.00	0.96	1.13	5.13	0.088
Autonomy in curriculum change and development	77	2.19	2.00	1.07	1.00	5.00	0.135

Variables	Factors of Teacher Professional Autonomy Scale
	Formation of classes		Subject teaching		Professional training		Teaching and assessment of school performance		Curriculum change and development
	M	p value	M	p value	M	p value	M	p value	M	p value
Sex
Male	2.28	0.037^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.47	0.917^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.52	0.818^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.27	0.258^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.15	0.848^* * p-value of Student's T test;
Female	1.85	0.037^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.43	0.917^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.61	0.818^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.97	0.258^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.20	0.848^* * p-value of Student's T test;
Age^† † years;
< 35	1.84	0.057^ p-value of F test; DT - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.	3.38	0.813^ p-value of F test; DT - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.	3.96	0.321^ p-value of F test; DT - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.	3.05	0.618^ p-value of F test; DT - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.	2.61	0.184^ p-value of F test; DT - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.
35 - 44	1.79		3.36		3.67		2.85		2.00
> 45	2.26		3.57		3.30		3.10		2.10
Training area
Nursing	1.95	0.932^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.46	0.469^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.61	0.482^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.04	0.960^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.21	0.359^* * p-value of Student's T test;
Othe	1.90	0.932^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.83	0.469^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.90	0.482^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.00	0.960^* * p-value of Student's T test;	1.50	0.359^* * p-value of Student's T test;
Postgraduate studies
Master's/PhD (Lato Sensu)	1.77	0.047^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.22	0.123^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.51	0.622^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.95	0.466^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.07	0.333^* * p-value of Student's T test;
Specialization(Stricto Sensu)	2.11	0.047^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.64	0.123^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.67	0.622^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.11	0.466^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.31	0.333^* * p-value of Student's T test;
Time of teaching experience^† † years;
Up to 3	1.75	0.047^ p-value of F test; DT - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.	3.29	0.790^ p-value of F test; DT - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.	3.47	0.745^ p-value of F test; DT - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.	3.02	0.873^ p-value of F test; DT - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.	2.33	0.439^ p-value of F test; DT - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.
4 - 9	1.77		3.40		3.51		2.94		1.96
> 10	2.19		3.53		3.75		3.07		2.25
Time of experience in HEI^† † years;
< 5	1.74	0.015^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.43	0.921^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.68	0.606^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.15	0.304^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.28	0.490^* * p-value of Student's T test;
> 5	2.16	0.015^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.46	0.921^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.51	0.606^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.92	0.304^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.11	0.490^* * p-value of Student's T test;
Role performed
Teaching	1.80	<0.001^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.27	<0.001^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.47	0.041^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.91	0.002^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.10	0.030^* * p-value of Student's T test;
Management	3.07	<0.001^* * p-value of Student's T test;	4.70	<0.001^* * p-value of Student's T test;	4.49	0.041^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.94	0.002^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.92	0.030^* * p-value of Student's T test;
Educational Program where teacher works
TD	2.03	0.035^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.33	0.898^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.91	0.041^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.90	0.063^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.19	0.692^* * p-value of Student's T test;
NPS or CCI	1.67	0.035^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.29	0.898^* * p-value of Student's T test;	3.23	0.041^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.96	0.063^* * p-value of Student's T test;	2.08	0.692^* * p-value of Student's T test;

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Associação Brasileira de Enfermagem SGA Norte Quadra 603 Conj. "B" - Av. L2 Norte 70830-102 Brasília, DF, Brasil, Tel.: (55 61) 3226-0653, Fax: (55 61) 3225-4473 - Brasília - DF - Brazil
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years; TD - Tutorial Dynamics; NPS - Nursing Professional Skills Program; CCI - Compulsory Curricular Internship Program.