Asociación entre conocimiento sobre VIH y factores de riesgo em los jóvenes de la Amazonia

Lima, Mariana Souza de; Raniere, Jaciely Caldas; Paes, Carlos Jaime Oliveira; Gonçalves, Lucia Hisako Takase; Cunha, Carlos Leonardo Figueiredo; Ferreira, Glenda Roberta Oliveira Naiff; Botelho, Eliã Pinheiro

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0453

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (5) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0453 linkcopiar

Asociación entre conocimiento sobre VIH y factores de riesgo em los jóvenes de la Amazonia

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos: analizar la asociación entre nivel de conocimiento sobre VIH de jóvenes de la Amazonia, perfil sociodemográfico y factores de riesgo para la infección.

Métodos: estudio tipo survey analítico transversal, aplicando cuestionario estructurado, incluyéndose preguntas sociodemográficas y de conocimiento sobre VIH. Datos agrupados por sexo, sometidos a análisis de regresión logística ordinal y binaria.

Resultados: los estudiantes tenían déficit de conocimiento sobre VIH, asociado a baja escolarización parental e ingreso familiar escaso. Los factores de riesgo más frecuentes fueron: desconocimiento del correcto uso del preservativo masculino por parte de las alumnas, infrecuencia de su uso en las relaciones sexuales de todos los estudiantes, y no realizar análisis de VIH. Existió asociación entre nivel de conocimiento y uso de aplicaciones de citas entre las alumnas.

Conclusiones: no hubo asociación entre nivel de conocimiento y factores de riesgo preponderantes, aunque el bajo conocimiento de los estudiantes los hace más vulnerables a infectarse.

Descriptores: VHI; Adolescente; Salud Sexual; Estudiantes; Fatores de Riesgo

Statements	True	False
1. HIV is transmitted through sharing contaminated needles and transfusion of contaminated blood	x
2. HIV is not transmitted via oral sex, since saliva kills the virus		x
3. Ejaculating outside the vagina or anus prevents HIV transmission		x
4. Proper condom use ensures HIV prevention	x
5. In anal or vaginal sex, only the person being penetrated is at risk of infection		x
5. Sharing nail clippers or razors transmit HIV		x
6. HIV-positive mothers transmit the virus through breastfeeding	x
7. Mosquitoes can transmit HIV after biting someone carrying the virus		x
8. HIV can be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy	x
9. Kissing and sharing silverware transmit HIV		x
10. Belém and the state of Pará are in 18th place in Brazil in terms of HIV and AIDS reporting rates		x
13. The age group most affected by HIV is after 45 years of age		x
14. Homosexuals are the people most affected by HIV/AIDS		x
15. People over 65 years old are not at risk of contracting HIV		x
16. HIV treatment is simple and has no adverse effects		x
17. There is a cure for AIDS		x

Variables	Level of knowledge
	Female students (n=472)					Male students (n=387)
	A 41	M 150	B 281	X² ^* * Chi-square test for linear trend;	p ^ Significance of the chi-square test;	A 47	M 105	B 235	X² ^* * Chi-square test for linear trend;	p ^ Significance of the chi-square test;
Age group
14 to 17 years old	31	125	235	0.95	0.33	36	87	186	0.00	0.98
≥18 years old	10	25	46	1.00		11	18	49	1.00
Father's educational level
Illiterate	3	15	59	5.04	0.03	3	7	42	1.25	0.24
Elementary	12	64	83	0.69	0.41	14	41	67	3.87	0.05
Secondary	13	22	45	1.16	0.28	18	25	41	9.20	0.00
University	9	28	58	1.00		5	18	52	1.00
Not stated	4	21	36			7	14	33
Mother's educational level
Illiterate	0	8	26	2.59	0.11	2	4	24	0.65	0.42
Elementary	16	50	90	2.01	0.15	11	34	60	3.14	0.08
Secondary	11	37	52	4.05	0.04	17	33	56	7.21	0.01
University	9	37	86	1.00		9	21	75	1.00
Not stated	5	18	27			8	13	20
Family income
<1 MW	14	49	118	0.82	0.36	8	25	72	4.66	0.03
1 to 3 MW	23	86	138	0.91	0.11	26	56	118	0.54	0.40
>3 MW	4	15	25	1.00		13	24	45	1.00

Variables	Female students				Male students
Variables	OR^* * Odds ratio;	CI (95%)^ Confidence interval 95%;		p ^* ***** Level of significance.	OR	CI (95%)	P
Father's educational level
Illiterate	2.12	1.09-4.13	0.03		--	--	--
Elementary	--	--	--		0.54	0.30-0.98	0.04
Secondary	--	--	--		0.39	0.21-0.74	0.00
Mother's educational level
Elementary	--	--	--		0.56	0.32-0.98	0.04
Secondary	0.58	0.35-0.98	0.04		0.45	0.26-0.79	0.01
Family income
Less than one minimum wage	--	--	--		1.86	1.04-3.34	0.04

Risk factors	Level of knowledge
	Female students (n=472)				Male students (n=387)
	H+A (n=191)	L (n=281)	X² ^* * Chi-square test for linear correlation;	p ^ *H, A, L - high, average, low level of knowledge.	H/A (n=152)	L (n=235)	X² ^* * Chi-square test for linear correlation;	p ^ *H, A, L - high, average, low level of knowledge.
Correct condom use
Yes	94	116	2.58	0.10	131	197	0.23	0.63
No	97	165	2.58	0.10	197	38	0.23	0.63
Dating app
Yes	16	10	4.18	0.04	20	23	0.74	0.38
No	175	271	4.18	0.04	132	212	0.74	0.38

Risk factors	Level of knowledge
	Female students (n=264)				Male students (n=155)
	H+A (n=101)	L (n=163)	X² ^* * Chi-square test for linear trend;	p ^ Significance of the chi-square test;	H/A (n=62)	L (n=93)	X² ^* * Chi-square test for linear trend;	p ^ Significance of the chi-square test;
Sexual partners
1 partner	85	142	0.24	0.62	36	59	0.26	0.61
≥2 partners	16	21	0.24	0.62	26	34	0.26	0.61
HIV testing
Yes	4	1	2.11	0.14	3	2	0.22	0.64
No	97	162	2.11	0.14	59	91	0.22	0.64
Always uses condom
Yes	6	15	0.52	0.47	9	6	1.92	0.17
No	95	148	0.52	0.47	53	87	1.92	0.17
Alcoholic beverages
Yes	26	34	0.59	0.44	16	15	1.62	0.20
No	75	129	0.59	0.44	46	78	1.62	0.20

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[TFN17] Note: x - correct answer.