Manejo Familiar y situación socioeconómica de niños y adolescentes con trastornos neurológicos

Weissheimer, Gisele; Mazza, Verônica de Azevedo; Teodoro, Fernanda Cassanho; Szylit, Regina; Ichikawa, Carolliny Rossi de Faria; Schepelski, Umbelina Guedes de Figueiredo Alcoforado

doi:10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0042

Brasil

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ORIGINAL ARTICLE • Rev. Bras. Enferm. 73 (4) • 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-7167-2019-0042 linkcopiar

Manejo Familiar y situación socioeconómica de niños y adolescentes con trastornos neurológicos

Autoría SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMEN

Objetivos: identificar la correlación entre el manejo familiar y el estado socioeconómico de niños y adolescentes con trastornos neurológicos.

Métodos: estudio descriptivo y correlacional con 141 miembros de la familia, que respondieron un cuestionario sobre información socioeconómica y gestión familiar. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar entre mayo y septiembre de 2016 en un Centro de Neurología Pediátrica. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y analítico utilizando pruebas estadísticas para evaluar la correlación entre las variables investigadas.

Resultados: la mayor duración de la enfermedad infantil y juvenil se correlacionó con una mayor puntuación de dificultad de manejo. El mayor ingreso familiar se relacionó con un puntaje de habilidad gerencial más alto y un puntaje de dificultad familiar más bajo. La educación materna superior se asoció con una puntuación de visión más baja del impacto de la enfermedad y la dificultad familiar.

Conclusiones: las familias en la situación socioeconómica más desfavorable tuvieron mayores dificultades en el manejo familiar.

Descriptores: Situación Socioeconómica; Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso; Niño; Adolescente; Cuidadores Familiares

Variables	n	%
Demographic data
Family members
Age (years)
21-30	25	17.73
31-40	69	48.94
41-60	47	33.33
Gender
Female	121	85.82
Male	20	14.18
Relationship with child/adolescent
Mother	117	83.00
Father	19	13.00
Other members	5	4.00
Children/adolescents
Age (years)
2-10	84	60.00
11-17	57	40.00
Gender
Female	47	36.00
Male	94	67.00
Socioeconomic situation
Time (years) of disease of children/adolescents
<1	9	6.40
1-2	16	11.30
3-4	22	15.30
5-9	49	34.80
≥10	45	31.90
Access to early childhood education
Yes	130	92.00
No	7	5.00
Not applicable^a a children who were not old enough to be compulsorily enrolled in Brazilian basic education (under four years old);	4	3.00
Type of teaching
Regular	80	61.54
Special	48	36.92
Mixed	2	1.54
Type of school^b b n = 130.
Public	119	92.00
Private	11	8.00
Per capita family income
No income	2	1.00
Up to ½ minimum wage	61	43.00
½ to 1 minimum wage	52	37.00
1 to 1 and ½ minimum wage	18	13.00
1 and ½ to 2 minimum wages	5	4.00
2 to 5 minimum wages	3	2.00
Years of maternal studies
0	1	0.70
1-4	19	13.50
5-8	33	23.40
9-11	67	47.50
12-15	19	13.50
16 and more	2	1.40

Dimensions	n	Time of disease		Per capita income		Year of maternal studies
Dimensions	n	Rho^a a Spearman's correlation coefficient;	p value	Rho^a a Spearman's correlation coefficient;	p value	Rho^a a Spearman's correlation coefficient;	p value
Child identity	141	-0.194	0.022^* * p≤0.05.	0.144	0.087	0.169	0.046^* * p≤0.05.
Management skills	141	-0.097	0.254	0.330	0.000^* * p≤0.05.	0.147	0.082
Management effort	141	0.141	0.094	-0.058	0.493	-0.123	0.146
Family difficulty	141	0.260	0.002^* * p≤0.05.	-0.224	0.007^* * p≤0.05.	-0.224	0.007^* * p≤0.05.
Mutuality among parents^b b dimension applied to family members with partner/spouse (n = 113);	113	0.043	0.648	0.123	0.192	0.017	0.861
Disease impact view	141	0.175	0.038^* * p≤0.05.	-0.191	0.022^* * p≤0.05.	-0.284	0.001^* * p≤0.05.

Dimensions	Type of teaching				p value^b b the difference between the means of the variables was assessed by the Mann-Whitney test (regular or special education and access to public or private schools);	Type of school				p value^b b the difference between the means of the variables was assessed by the Mann-Whitney test (regular or special education and access to public or private schools);
Dimensions		n	Mean	SD^a a SD - Standard Deviation			n	Mean	SD^a a SD - Standard Deviation
Child identity
	Regular	80	18.2	5.15	0.000^* * p≤0.05.	Private	11	18.2	4.78	0.172
	Special	48	13.2	3.95	0.000^* * p≤0.05.	Public	119	16.1	5.30	0.172
Management skills
	Regular	80	46.6	6.45	0.005^* * p≤0.05.	Private	11	49.4	5.18	0.028^* * p≤0.05.
	Special	48	43.5	5.68	0.005^* * p≤0.05.	Public	119	45.1	6.32	0.028^* * p≤0.05.
Management effort
	Regular	80	11.9	4.56	0.000^* * p≤0.05.	Private	11	10.4	4.76	0.054
	Special	48	14.6	3.26	0.000^* * p≤0.05.	Public	119	13.3	4.24	0.054
Family difficulty
	Regular	80	31.3	12.47	0.000^* * p≤0.05.	Private	11	25.7	11.89	0.008^* * p≤0.05.
	Special	48	39.7	11.30	0.000^* * p≤0.05.	Public	119	35.5	12.60	0.008^* * p≤0.05.
Mutuality among parents^c c dimension applied to family members with partner/spouse (n = 113);
	Regular	63	35.4	5.58	0.047^* * p≤0.05.	Private	9	35.5	2.96	0.900
	Special	39	33.2	5.70	0.047^* * p≤0.05.	Public	95	34.5	5.86	0.900
Disease impact view
	Regular	80	23.6	6.35	0.000^* * p≤0.05.	Private	11	21.7	7.62	0.041^* * p≤0.05.
	Special	48	28.9	5.13	0.000^* * p≤0.05.	Public	119	26.0	6.21	0.041^* * p≤0.05.

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[TFN1] Note:

[TFN2] ^a
children who were not old enough to be compulsorily enrolled in Brazilian basic education (under four years old);

[TFN3] ^b
n = 130.