Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adolescents regarding human papillomavirus

Galvão, Mariana Portela Soares Pires; Araújo, Telma Maria Evangelista de; Rocha, Silvana Santiago da

doi:10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056003639

Brasil

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Original Article • Rev. Saúde Pública 56 • 2022 • https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056003639 linkcopy

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adolescents regarding human papillomavirus

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ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE To analyze knowledge, attitudes, and practices of adolescent students from public schools in the municipality of Teresina, state of Piauí, regarding human papillomavirus (HPV).

METHODS Cross-sectional, analytical study carried out in 12 public schools in the municipality of Teresina, with a random sample of 472 15-year-old adolescents. All participants answered a validated questionnaire, which evaluated sociodemographic characteristics, level of knowledge about HPV, attitudes regarding vaccination and vaccination status. The levels of knowledge and attitude were classified by standardized scores and practice by the vaccination situation. The analyses were carried out using the SPSS software. In the bivariate analysis, simple logistic regression was used generating odds ratios to identify the associations of sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitude with HPV prevention practice. Variables that presented p-value ≤ 0.20 in the bivariate analysis were inserted in a multivariate logistic regression model. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

RESULTS Among the participants, 27.3% had sufficient knowledge, 34.1% had positive attitudes, and 74.6% had adequate practice. In the multivariate analysis, we observed a statistically significant association among females (ORa = 15.62; 95%CI: 9.08–26.9), satisfactory knowledge (ORa = 2.09; 95%CI: 1.15–3.81), and positive attitudes (ORa = 1.89; 95%CI: 1.10–3.23) with proper practice.

CONCLUSIONS Being female, having a satisfactory level of knowledge about HPV and the vaccine, and having positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination reinforce the appropriate practice of vaccination. These findings demonstrate the need to expand the knowledge of adolescents, generating positive attitudes towards vaccination within an appropriate perspective.

Adolescent; Papillomavirus Infections, prevention & control; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice

Variables	n	%
Gender
Male	185	39.2
Female	287	60.8
Ethnicity
White	68	14.4
Black	65	13.8
Mixed race	287	60.8
Others (Asian or indigenous)	52	11.0
Indicator of possessions
Group with least possession of goods (up to the 1st quintile)	96	20.3
Group with more possession of goods (over the 1st quintile)	376	79.7

Variables	Practice (vaccinated against HPV virus)		Crude Odds (95%CI)	p

	Yes	No
Gender
Female	266 (92.7%)	21 (7.3%)	14.58 (8.58–24.77)	< 0.001
Male	86 (46.5%)	99 (53.5%)	1
Race/color
White	52 (76.5%)	16 (23.5%)	0.97 (0.41–2.29)	0.954
Black	46 (70.8%)	19 (29.2%)	0.72 (0.31–1.67)	0.454
Mixed race	214 (74.6%)	73 (25.4%)	0.87 (0.43–1.76)	0.718
Asian or indigenous	40 (76.9%)	12 (23.1%)	1
Indicator of possessions
Group with least possession of goods (up to the 1st quintile)	74 (77.1%)	22 (22.9%)	1.18 (0.69–2.01)	0.527
Group with more possession of goods (over the 1st quintile)	278 (73.9%)	98 (26.1%)	1
Knowledge
Sufficient	108 (83.7%)	21 (16.3%)	2.08 (1.23–3.51)	0.005
Insufficient	244 (71.1%)	99 (28.9%)	1
Attitude
Positive	128 (79.5%)	33 (20.5%)	1.50 (0.95–2.37)	0.077
Negative	224 (72.0%)	87 (28.0%)	1

Variables	Vaccinated against HPV virus		ORc (95%CI)	p	ORa (95%CI)	p

	Yes n (%)	No n (%)
Gender
Female	266 (92.7%)	21 (7.3%)	14.58 (8.58–24.77)	< 0.001	15.62 (9.08–26.90)	< 0.001
Male	86 (46.5%)	99 (53.5%)	1		1
Knowledge
Sufficient	108 (83.7%)	21 (16.3%)	2.08(1.23–3.51)	0.005	2.09 (1.15–3.81)	0.015
Insufficient	244 (71.1%)	99 (28.9%)	1		1
Attitude
Positive	128 (79.5%)	33 (20.5%)	1.50 (0.95–2.37)	0.077	1.89 (1.10–3.23)	0.019
Negative	224 (72.0%)	87 (28.0%)	1		1

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Faculdade de Saúde Pública da Universidade de São Paulo Avenida Dr. Arnaldo, 715, 01246-904 São Paulo SP Brazil, Tel./Fax: +55 11 3061-7985 - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
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[TFN1] ORc: Crude odds ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; p-value: value of p.