Albuquerque et al. 15
|
Qualitative |
Health professionals (Family Health Strategy nurses) |
24–39, mean 30.3 |
Not shown |
Brazil (Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará) |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Andersen et al. 16
|
Qualitative |
Lesbian, gay, or bisexual |
33–49 |
Not shown |
Sweden |
Received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or non-profit sectors |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Brennan and Sell 17
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians and queers |
27–44, mean 34 |
19 (95%) identified themselves as white |
USA |
Declare that there are no relevant financial relationships |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Carvalho et al. 18
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
27–43, mean 34 |
11 self-identified as white, 4 as mixed/brown, and 1 as black |
Brazil (São Paulo and cities in the metropolitan region) |
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Chapman et al. 19
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians, gay men, and transgenders |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Australia |
Nurses Memorial Trust of Western Australia and Channel 7 Telethon |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Chapman et al. 20
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
35–52 |
Not shown |
Australia |
Nurses Memorial Trust of Western Australia and Channel 7 Telethon |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Chapman et al. 21
|
Cross-sectional |
Healthcare professionals (nurses and doctors) |
27–48, mean 31.1 (doctors) |
Caucasians: nurses (88.2%); doctors (61.1%) |
Australia |
Nurses Memorial Trust of Western Australia and Channel 7 Telethon |
Declare that there is no conflict |
23–64, mean 40 (nurses) |
Yellow : nurses (7.4%); doctors (33.3%) |
|
Others: nurses (4.4%); doctors (5.6%) |
Dahl and Malterud 24
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
30–52 |
Not shown |
Norway |
The Norwegian Women’s Public Health Association |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Dibley 25
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
Not shown |
Not shown |
UK |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Engström et al. 27
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
25–42, mean 34 |
Not shown |
Sweden |
Not shown |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Erlandsson et al. 28
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
26–48 |
Not shown |
Sweden |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Fantus 29
|
Qualitative |
Gays and gestational surrogates (surrogacy) |
Mean 39 (gay parents) |
Gay parents: white: n = 13 (87%); yellow: n = 2 (13%) |
Canada |
Not shown |
They declared that there was no conflict |
Mean 34 (gestational surrogates) |
Gestational surrogates: white: n = 5 (83%); Aboriginal: n = 1 (17%) |
Goldberg et al. 30
|
Qualitative |
Health professionals (perinatal nurses) and lesbians |
30–40 (lesbian) |
Not shown |
Canada |
Nova Scotia Health Research Foundation (NSHRF), in partnership with the Canadian Nurses Foundation Nursing Care Partnership Program |
Not shown |
20–50 (nurses) |
Hayman et al. 33
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
28–58, mean 39.8 |
Not shown |
Australia |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Hayman et al. 34
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
28–58, mean 39.8 |
Not shown |
Australia |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Hayman and Wilkes 35
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
28–58, mean 39.8 |
Participants identified their cultural background as Australian (n = 21); Anglo-Australian (n = 2); Scottish-Australian (n = 2); Lebanese-Australian (n = 1); Maori-African-American-Australian (n = 1); Italian (n = 1); Dutch (n = 1); and Filipino (n = 1) |
Australia |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Juntareal and Spatz 37
|
Mixed |
Lesbians |
26–50, mean 34.5 |
White/Caucasian: n = 68 (100%). |
USA |
University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing Student Grant |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Black/African American: n = 2 (3%) |
Hispanic/Latino: n = 1 (1%). |
*Some interviewees selected more than one option |
Kerppola et al. 39
|
Qualitative |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, or queer |
Not shown |
All participants were white and Finnish-speaking; some had an immigrant background |
Finland |
The authors did not receive financial support for the research |
Declare no conflict |
Inclusion criteria: parents at least 18 years of age |
Klittmark et al. 41
|
Qualitative cross-sectional |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, non-binary, and queer. |
30–45 |
Whites |
Sweden |
Stiftelsen Einar Belven |
Not shown |
Larsson and Dykes 42
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Sweden |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Lee et al. 44
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Scotland |
Has not received a grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial or non-profit sectors |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Malmquist and Nelson 46
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
Mean 36 |
Not shown |
Sweden |
Not shown |
Not shown |
McNair et al. 48
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
29–62 (mothers) |
Families of Anglo-Australian origins (n = 11); with Australian Aboriginal origins (n = 2); that contained members from southern Europe (n = 2); with northern European origins (n = 3); with Eastern European origins (n = 3); of Asian origin (n = 2); of Latin origin (n = 1) |
Australia |
Australian Research Council and Victorian Association of Family Therapists |
Not shown |
4–34 (children) |
Mikhailovich et al. 49
|
Cross-sectional |
Lesbians and gay men |
Mean 38 |
Not shown |
Australia |
University of Canberra |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Nicol et al. 50
|
Cross-sectional |
Health professionals in a pediatric tertiary hospital (nurses; doctors; other professions and employees) |
Similar mean ages for nurses (37.1), physicians (35.9), and other healthcare professionals and other staff (37.4) |
Caucasian: n = 178 (88.1%) |
Australia |
Nurses Memorial Trust of Western Australia |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Others: n = 24 (11.9%) |
Nimbi et al. 51
|
Quantitative |
Health professionals |
Mean 34.54 (Sexology Educational Programs Group); |
Not shown |
Italy |
Not shown |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Mean 30 (Group without Educational Programs in Sexology) |
O’Neill et al. 53
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
Mid 30s–mid 40s |
All women identified as being of European descent |
New Zealand |
Te Pou, New Zealand National Mental Health Research Center |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Obem 54
|
Qualitative (master’s thesis) |
Lesbians and gay men |
23–54 |
Not shown |
Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul) |
Capes |
Not shown |
Perrin and Kulkin 55
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians and gay men |
Not shown |
White: n = 435 (94%) |
USA |
Joseph P. Healey Endowment Grant Award, 1993 to 1995 |
Not shown |
Hispanic: n = 11 (2%) |
Black: n = 6 (1%) |
Other/unknown: n = 15 (3%) |
Renaud 56
|
Qualitative and critical ethnography |
Lesbians |
20–40 |
Of the interviewees, Caucasian (n = 18), Hispanic (n = 2); and “woman of color,” as identified in the research (n = 1) |
USA |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Support group participants: included “women of color” |
Focus group: all were Caucasian |
Rondahl et al. 57
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
30–46 |
Not shown |
Sweden |
Uppsala University Hospital and Linkoping University, ISV/HAV |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Ross et al. 58
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians or bisexuals |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Canada |
Lesbian and Gay Community Appeal Foundation of Toronto. Lori E. Ross is supported by a Career Scientist Award from the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care and the Ontario Women’s Health Council. Leah Steele is supported as an academic researcher by the Department of Family Medicine, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto and the Health Systems Research and Consultancy Unit at the Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; and, as a career scientist, by the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care |
Not shown |
Rozental and Malmquist 59
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
26–45 |
Not shown |
Sweden |
Swedish Council for Working Life and Social Research |
Not shown |
Silva 61
|
Qualitative (master’s thesis) |
Healthcare professionals and Lesbians |
26–46 (lesbians) |
Not shown |
Brazil (states of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo) |
Not shown |
Not shown |
29–60 (health professionals) |
Spidsberg 64
|
Qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological |
Lesbians |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Norway |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Spidsberg and Sørlie 65
|
Qualitative |
Health professionals (midwives) |
30–59, mean 50 |
Not shown |
Norway |
The Norwegian Women’s Public Health Association |
Declare that there is no conflict |
Stewart 66
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians |
Not shown |
White (100%) |
UK |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Doussa et al. 67
|
Qualitative |
Lesbians and gay men; health and wellness service providers |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Australia |
Australian Research Council Linkage Grant, with financial support from the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation (VicHealth), Relationships Australia (National and Victoria), ACON (formerly the AIDS Council of NSW), and in-kind support from Gay and Lesbian Health Victoria and the Queensland Association for Healthy Communities |
Declared that there was no conflict |
Wilton and Kaufmann 71
|
Mixed |
Lesbians |
All except one were over 30 years old |
White: n = 45 (100%) |
UK |
Not shown |
Not shown |
Wojnar and Katzenmeyer 72
|
Qualitative phenomenological descriptive |
Lesbians |
28–48, mean 37.2 |
White (n = 20), African American (n = 2), mixed ethnicity (n = 2) |
Various communities in the Pacific Northwest |
No relevant financing relationship |
Declare that there is no conflict |