UNHCR/UNICEF 17 (2016) |
Qualitative and quantitative mixed method semi-structured interview, survey and focal group. |
Provide multi-sector view on the status of Syrian refugees in Lebanon. |
23,000 Syrian refugees, 4,561 children younger than 5 years. |
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93%: some degree of food insecurity (1.8 meals/day). Chronic (43%) and mental (12%) diseases. Children: 41% sick in the two weeks prior to the study. Symptoms: fever (31%), cough (25%) and diarrhea (15%). Overcrowded housing and no toilets (27%). |
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84% of children of 15 to 17 years old out of school. Causes: cost of education, child labor and marriage, cultural reasons, and cost of transportation. 70%: below poverty line ($3.84/day/person). |
Hosten E. et al. 18 (2018) |
Quantitative Retrospective Study. |
Assess the prevalence of active and latent Tuberculosis (TB), risk factors for latent TB, and the performance of the Jordanian TB program. |
76 Syrian refugees with TB (index cases). 481 contacts. |
High prevalence of active and latent TB among contacts of TB patient. In contacts: prevalence of active and latent TB in children under 5 years old is 2 times higher than among adults. |
Cure rate among index cases: 28.9%. Among women: 7.9%. Low adherence to treatment: 43.4%. |
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Truppa. C. et al. 19 (2019) |
Quantitative Cross-sectional Survey. |
Determine the impact of primary health care (PHC) on vulnerable populations. Identify barriers to the use of health services. |
656 Syrian refugees in Lebanon. |
Most common reasons for seeking care: Chronic noncommunicable diseases (40.6%): arthritis, musculoskeletal conditions, hypertension and diabetes; sexual and reproductive health conditions (28.6%). Communicable diseases affecting children (37.8%). |
Most important barrier to using the services: lack of access to information about the services offered (54.2%). Low vaccination coverage. Low level of prenatal care and family planning. 80.9% had to pay additional amounts for health services in PHC. |
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Doocy. S; Lyles, E. 20 (2017) |
Quantitative Unidentified Survey Design. |
Identify unmet needs and priorities for assistance in families undergoing displacement, and headed by women. |
2,045 Syrian refugee families. |
Families undergoing displacement and headed by women: most vulnerable. Food insecurity. |
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Ay, M. et al. 21 (2016) |
Quantitative Cross-sectional Analytical Observational. |
Identify health care service needs, accessibility to services, and barriers to access |
196 Syrian refugees in Jordan. |
56.6% sought PHC for acute illness in adults, and 53% in children. 36% reported chronic illnesses. |
Discrimination by staff. Barriers to access: cost, long waiting hours, distance to health service, late appointments. |
Lack of information about the provision of free of charge family planning services. |
Al-Rousan, T. et al. 22 (2018) |
Qualitative-quantitative. Mixed Methods. |
Determine health needs from the perspective of refugees, health care team, and other stakeholders. |
185 Syrian refugees in Jordan. 75 in the camp (41 men) 110 urban (65 women) |
Respiratory illnesses associated with the desert climate of the camp. Chronic illnesses. |
Shortage of transportation to reach the UBS. Shortage of female medical professionals for perinatal care. Overloaded health team. |
Due to stigma, they don not report mental health care needs Poor housing conditions. |
Cherri, Z. et al. 23 (2017) |
Qualitative Focal Group Interview thematic analysis. |
Understanding needs, preferences, behaviors, and barriers to reproductive and sexual health. |
108 Syrian refugee women (15 to 49 years old) in Lebanon. |
High birth rate worsening socioeconomic condition. Early marriage (14 years) due to economic scarcity. |
Cost reported as barrier to access. Lack of access to information on contraceptive methods. |
42% did not use any contraceptive method. Forced migration reported as cause for non-use. |
Doocy, S. et al. 24 (2015) |
Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study. |
Characterize the prevalence of Noncommunicable Diseases. |
9,580 Syrian refugees in Jordan (1,550 families) - 0 to over 60 years old |
50% report a family member with a chronic noncommunicable disease. |
Health policies that abrogate rights (in 2014: established payment of fees to obtain public health care). |
Low access to education for heads of household. Lack of access to information regarding the supply of health services. |
Gammoh, O.S. 25 (2016) |
Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study. |
Describe complaints, diagnoses, and medication consumption. |
375 Syrian refugees in Jordan, 0 to over 70 years old, 213 Women (56.8%). 162 Men (43.2%). |
Infectious, chronic, cardiovascular (hypertension), musculoskeletal, gastrointestinal, respiratory, and skin diseases. Complaints: pain (throat, gastrointestinal), cough, shortness of breath, skin rash, fever, dizziness, weakness, anxiety symptoms, dental and vision problems. |
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Kakalou, E. et al. 26 (2018) |
Descriptive Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study. |
Describe the morbidity profile of the refugee population in Europe in 2015-2016. |
3,076 Syrians, 1,270 Iraqis. |
Infectious diseases. Musculoskeletal, skin conditions, trauma/injury (caused by accident/violence). Cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory, neurological, autoimmune, and congenital diseases Dental or oral cavity conditions. Women’s reproductive conditions, mental health, malnutrition, weakness, anemia, scabies and lice, substance abuse (psychotropic and alcohol). |
50% of consultations with specialists were offered by NGOs (failure of the local health system to offer expert personnel). |
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Sethi. S. et al. 27 (2017) |
Quantitative Unidentified Study Design. |
Identify care gaps in noncommunicable diseases. |
640 Syrians in Lebanon. 320 adults over 18 years of age. 300 children under 2 years of age. |
Communicable and noncommunicable diseases. |
Lack of transportation, lack of time to go to health facility and cost: reported as barrier in access. |
Low education of mothers: 40.3% have no formal education. 20% with complete primary education |
Aoun, A; Joundi, J; El Gerges, N. 28 (2018) |
Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study. |
Examine the prevalence of eating disorders, and association with sociodemographic and clinical variables. |
450 Syrians in Lebanon. 69 Men and 381 Women (18 to 45 years old). |
Post-traumatic stress disorder, eating disorders, overweight and unemployment. |
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48% can only read and write in an elementary way. |
Collins, D.R.J. 29 (2017) |
Qualitative-Quantitative Mixed Methods. |
Determine the cardiovascular disease risk profile of the population. |
2,907 Syrians in Jordan (18 to > 40 years old). 16 PHC team members. |
Cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, diabetes and sedentary lifestyle. |
Limited knowledge of health care team regarding protocols for cardiovascular disease. |
Migration pattern impacted adherence to drug treatment. |
Dogru, S; Doner, P. 30 (2017) |
Quantitative Retrospective and Descriptive. |
Compare the frequency of new cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, and successful treatment. |
33 Syrian refugees with Tuberculosis in Turkey. |
Tuberculosis affects younger age groups among Syrians compared to the local population. |
TB treatment goals were not met Lower cure rate among Syrians. |
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Doocy. S. et al. 31 (2016) |
Quantitative Cross-sectional |
Assess health status, unmet needs, and health service delivery. |
1,376 families/8,257 Syrians in Lebanon (0 to > 60 years old). |
Hypertension, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and arthritis. |
Need to pay for health services in PHC. |
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Segal, S. P. et al. 32 (2018) |
Quantitative Cross-sectional Structured Interview Survey. |
Assess the mental health status of Syrian and Palestinian refugees. Determine the prevalence of mental illness. |
161 Palestinians, 47 Syrians and 46 Lebanese in Shatila camp in Lebanon. |
High prevalence (52%) of mental disorders (10 times higher than local population). |
Need to strengthen the mental health program in PHC. |
High rate of people without schooling: up to 3 times more than the local population. Difficulties in access to justice, laws that restrict fundamental rights. Low access to the local economy. Live an average of 17 years in the camps. Lack of basic sanitation. Overcrowded camps. Insufficient housing. |
Heenan, R.C. et al. 33 (2019) |
Quantitative Retrospective Study. |
Review health conditions of Syrian and Iraqi refugee children in the context of screening at arrival in Australia. |
128 children (7 months to 16 years). |
Vitamin D deficit (63%), growth/nutrition deficits, neurological/metabolic disorders, related to learning/behavioral mental health, latent tuberculosis, developmental delay. |
The most omitted screening tests were for tuberculosis (only 7.1% completed screening). Delayed vaccination schedule in children. Difficulty in access to tuberculin skin testing/PPD in PHC. |
25% of children with difficulty in accessing education even after 3 months in the host country. Pre-arrival adversities: exposure to trauma, concern about parents’ mental health, concern about other families abroad, separation from a family member |
Doocy, S. et al. 34 (2017) |
Qualitative-Quantitative Mixed Method Longitudinal Cohort Study. |
Evaluate the effectiveness of treatment guidelines and a mobile health app (mHealth) on quality of care and health outcomes |
793 Syrian Refugees in Lebanon with Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension. |
Uncontrolled diabetes (57.9%). |
Team having difficulty in interacting with patient. Low percentage of patients who received lifestyle health counseling. Divergences between electronic data and written medical records. |
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Elliot. J.A. et al. 35 (2018) |
Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study. |
Determine associations between patient factors, self-management, diabetes education and support. |
292 Syrian Refugees in Lebanon (>18 to 84 years old) with Diabetes. |
Diabetes (diagnosed in 30% of patients after the conflict in Syria). Long fasting (Ramadan) associated with insulin use. |
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Low educational level. Inability to recognize and respond to hypoglycemia (34%). |
Javanbakht. A. et al. 36 (2018) |
Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study. |
Determine the prevalence of mental disorders. |
157 Syrians in the United States (18 to 65 years old). |
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) (32.2%), anxiety (40.3%), and depression (47.7%), mainly after forced migration. |
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Torun. P. et al. 37 (2018) |
Qualitative-Quantitative Mixed Method. |
Assess health needs of urban refugees in Istanbul. |
111 families/8,901 Syrian refugees in Turkey. |
Symptomatology compatible with sexually transmitted infection, chronic, pulmonary, cardiac, gastrointestinal, neurological, renal, psychiatric, musculoskeletal diseases, hypertension. |
Pregnant women (60%) with difficulties in access due to language barrier, waiting time, queues, tense environments, and negative attitudes of the staff. |
High rate of children dropping out of school due to migration (55%). Lack of aid for education and rent. 49.6% did not know about the right to free access to health care. Inadequate working conditions. |
Lyles E. et al. 38 (2018) |
Quantitative Unidentified Design Survey. |
Characterize access to and utilization of health services in Lebanon. |
2,062 Syrian refugee families in Lebanon. |
Communicable, and chronic noncommunicable diseases, injuries, skin diseases, pregnancy complications, gynecological, gastrointestinal, and eye problems. |
Greater difficulty in access to medicines than local population. |
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